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The high memory consumption and computational costs of Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) limit their wider application on resource constrained devices. In recent years, neural network quantization techniques that are capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Junhao Xu , Xie Chen , Shoukang Hu , Jianwei Yu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, albeit at the cost of immense memory and computation requirements. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is becoming the de facto method to reduce the memory footprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various quantitative reasoning and knowledge benchmarks. However, many of these benchmarks are losing utility as LLMs get increasingly high scores, despite not yet…

Large language models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory challenges, making extremely low-bit quantization crucial for their efficient deployment. In this work, we introduce SDQ-LLM: Sigma-Delta Quantization for 1-bit LLMs of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Junhao Xia , Ming Zhao , Limin Xiao , Xiujun Zhang

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly computationally complex, developing efficient deployment strategies, such as quantization, becomes crucial. State-of-the-art Post-training Quantization (PTQ) techniques often rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Boxing Chen , Vahid Partovi Nia , Masoud Asgharian

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) to extremely low bit-widths remains challenging due to the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency and representational capacity. While existing ultra-low-bit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 He Xiao , Runming Yang , Qingyao Yang , Wendong Xu , Zhen Li , Yupeng Su , Zhengwu Liu , Hongxia Yang , Ngai Wong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on language tasks but face challenges when deployed on resource-constrained devices due to their extensive parameters and reliance on dense multiplications, resulting in high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haoran You , Yipin Guo , Yichao Fu , Wei Zhou , Huihong Shi , Xiaofan Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Amir Yazdanbakhsh , Yingyan Celine Lin

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) has been a prominent research area aimed at enabling their lightweight deployment in practice. Existing research about LLM's quantization has mainly explored the interplay between weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yifei Gao , Jie Ou , Lei Wang , Jun Cheng , Mengchu Zhou

Post-training model quantization is a widely adopted technique for reducing the memory and computational costs of large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods rely on uniform or heuristic bitwidth assignments, failing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Chao Zhang , Li Wang , Samson Lasaulce , Merouane Debbah

The increasing size and complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) pose challenges for their deployment on personal computers and mobile devices. Aggressive post-training model compression is necessary to reduce the models' size, but it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zining Zhang , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , Zhenjie Zhang

We introduce HBLLM, a wavelet-enhanced high-fidelity $1$-bit post-training quantization method for Large Language Models (LLMs). By leveraging Haar wavelet transforms to enhance expressive capacity through frequency decomposition, HBLLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ningning Chen , Weicai Ye , Ying Jiang

Binary quantization represents the most extreme form of compression, reducing weights to +/-1 for maximal memory and computational efficiency. While recent sparsity-aware binarization achieves sub-1-bit compression via weight pruning, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Gu , Lujun Li , Hao Wang , Lei Wang , Zheyu Wang , Bei Liu , Jiacheng Liu , Qiyuan Zhu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial computational and memory demands, spurring the adoption of low-bit quantization. While 8-bit and 4-bit formats have become prevalent, extending quantization to 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiayi Chen , Jieqi Shi , Jing Huo , Chen Wu

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is frequently hindered by prohibitive memory and computational requirements. While quantization mitigates these bottlenecks, maintaining model fidelity in the sub-1-bit regime remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Banseok Lee , Dongkyu Kim , Youngcheon You , Youngmin Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have driven major progress in NLP, yet their substantial memory and compute demands still hinder practical deployment. Binarization can compress weights to 1 bit, fundamentally lowering compute and bandwidth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zhixiong Zhao , Zukang Xu , Dawei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural-language processing, yet their scale makes real-world deployment costly. Post-training quantization reduces memory and computation but often degrades accuracy, while quantization-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Cody Steinmetz , Gavin Childress , Aaron Herbst , Gavin Jones , Jasdeep Singh , Eli Vang , Keagan Weinstock

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance but are difficult to deploy under tight memory and compute constraints. Low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ) is a promising direction; however, it typically relies on calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xinzhe Zheng , Zhen-Qun Yang , Zishan Liu , Haoran Xie , S. Joe Qin , Arlene Chen , Fangzhen Lin

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Parameter quantization for Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attentions recently in reducing memory costs and improving computational efficiency. Early approaches have been widely adopted. However, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoyu Wang , Bei Liu , Hang Shao , Bo Xiao , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Yanmin Qian