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With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs), ensuring reliable performance in diverse, real-world environments is essential. Despite their remarkable achievements, LLMs often struggle with adversarial inputs, significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao

Recent frontier-level LLMs have saturated many previously difficult benchmarks, leaving little room for further differentiation. This progress highlights the need for challenging benchmarks that provide objective verification. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hyeonseok Moon , Seongtae Hong , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

Breakthroughs in frontier theory often depend on the combination of concrete diagrammatic notations with rigorous logic. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) show promise in general scientific tasks, current benchmarks often focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zeyu Wang , Xiaogang Li , Peiyao Xiao , Qinhao Kong , Ben Wang , Chengliang Xu , Zichao Chen , Bing Zhao , Hu Wei

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging iterative reasoning and feedback-driven methodologies. Building on the limitations identified in the SimpleBench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Soham Sane , Angus McLean

As the mathematical capabilities of large language models (LLMs) improve, it becomes increasingly important to evaluate their performance on research-level tasks at the frontier of mathematical knowledge. However, existing benchmarks are…

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various domains but still struggle with arithmetic reasoning tasks. Recent work shows the effectiveness of prompt design methods in enhancing reasoning capabilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Wenting Tan , Dongxiao Chen , Jieting Xue , Zihao Wang , Taijie Chen

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

The ability to process information from multiple modalities and to reason through it step-by-step remains a critical challenge in advancing artificial intelligence. However, existing reasoning benchmarks focus on text-only reasoning, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yulun Jiang , Yekun Chai , Maria Brbić , Michael Moor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in front-end code generation. However, existing benchmarks exhibit several critical limitations: many tasks are overly simplistic, test cases often lack rigor, and end-to-end…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hongda Zhu , Yiwen Zhang , Bing Zhao , Jingzhe Ding , Siyao Liu , Tong Liu , Dandan Wang , Yanan Liu , Zhaojian Li

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various generative tasks. However, their performance is often hampered by limitations in accessing and leveraging long-term memory, leading…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Jingfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language processing tasks, such as text generation and semantic understanding. However, their performance on numerical reasoning tasks, such as basic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Haoyang Li , Xuejia Chen , Zhanchao XU , Darian Li , Nicole Hu , Fei Teng , Yiming Li , Luyu Qiu , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting achieve strong reasoning but often produce unnecessarily long explanations, increasing cost and sometimes reducing accuracy. Fair comparison of efficiency-oriented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Junquan Huang , Haotian Wu , Yubo Gao , Yibo Yan , Junyan Zhang , Yonghua Hei , Song Dai , Jie Zhang , Puay Siew Tan , Xuming Hu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have improved reasoning in text and image domains, yet achieving robust video reasoning remains a significant challenge. Existing video benchmarks mainly assess shallow understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Xuchen Li , Xuzhao Li , Shiyu Hu , Kaiqi Huang , Wentao Zhang

With the increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), parallel reasoning has emerged as a new inference paradigm that enhances reasoning robustness by concurrently exploring multiple lines of thought before converging on a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziqi Wang , Boye Niu , Zipeng Gao , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu , Linghui Meng , Zhongli Li , Jing Liu , Yilong Chen , Chen Zhu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can often generate functionally correct code, but their ability to produce efficient implementations for performance-critical systems tasks remains limited. Existing code benchmarks mainly emphasize correctness…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Haochen Shi , Hanyu Yang , Sirui Zhang , Shaojin Chen , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into tool-using agents, they remain brittle in long-horizon interactions. Unlike mathematical reasoning where errors are often rectifiable via backtracking, tool-use failures frequently induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Shengda Fan , Xuyan Ye , Yupeng Huo , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yiju Guo , Shenzhi Yang , Wenkai Yang , Shuqi Ye , Jingwen Chen , Haotian Chen , Xin Cong , Yankai Lin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capacities that mirror human-like thinking. However, whether LLMs possess genuine fluid intelligence (i.e., the ability to reason abstractly and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yue Yang , MingKang Chen , Qihua Liu , Mengkang Hu , Qiguang Chen , Gengrui Zhang , Shuyue Hu , Guangtao Zhai , Yu Qiao , Yu Wang , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) underscore the need for stronger reasoning capabilities to solve complex problems effectively. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been a step forward, it remains insufficient for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Matan Vetzler , Koren Lazar , Guy Uziel , Eran Hirsch , Ateret Anaby-Tavor , Leshem Choshen

Mathematical reasoning represents a critical frontier in advancing large language models (LLMs). While step-by-step approaches have emerged as the dominant paradigm for mathematical problem-solving in LLMs, the quality of reasoning steps in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuchen Yan , Yongliang Shen , Yang Liu , Jin Jiang , Xin Xu , Mengdi Zhang , Jian Shao , Yueting Zhuang