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Recent advancements in self-improvement for Large Language Models (LLMs) have efficiently enhanced model capabilities without significantly increasing costs, particularly in terms of human effort. While this area is still relatively young,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shijian Deng , Kai Wang , Tianyu Yang , Harsh Singh , Yapeng Tian

Self-improvement in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is crucial for enhancing their reliability and robustness. However, current methods often rely heavily on MLLMs themselves as judges, leading to high computational costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Shijian Deng , Wentian Zhao , Yu-Jhe Li , Kun Wan , Daniel Miranda , Ajinkya Kale , Yapeng Tian

Large language models (LLMs) constitute a breakthrough state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence technology which is rapidly evolving and promises to aid in medical diagnosis. However, the correctness and the accuracy of their returns has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Dimitrios P. Panagoulias , Maria Virvou , George A. Tsihrintzis

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

LLM-as-a-Judge refers to the automatic modeling of preferences for responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), which is of significant importance for both LLM evaluation and reward modeling. Although generative LLMs have made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hui Huang , Yancheng He , Hongli Zhou , Rui Zhang , Wei Liu , Weixun Wang , Jiaheng Liu , Wenbo Su

Humans follow criteria when they execute tasks, and these criteria are directly used to assess the quality of task completion. Therefore, having models learn to use criteria to provide feedback can help humans or models to perform tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Weizhe Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Matthias Gallé

The explosion of visual content available online underscores the requirement for an accurate machine assessor to robustly evaluate scores across diverse types of visual contents. While recent studies have demonstrated the exceptional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Weixia Zhang , Chaofeng Chen , Liang Liao , Chunyi Li , Yixuan Gao , Annan Wang , Erli Zhang , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Pre-trained large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for simulating various scenarios and generating output given specific instructions and multimodal input. In this work, we analyze the specific use of LLM to enhance a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yuhang Wu , Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Zeyu Zheng

In this work, we introduce LLaDA-V, a purely diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that integrates visual instruction tuning with masked diffusion models, representing a departure from the autoregressive paradigms dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zebin You , Shen Nie , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Reasoning is a fundamental capability for solving complex multi-step problems, particularly in visual contexts where sequential step-wise understanding is essential. Existing approaches lack a comprehensive framework for evaluating visual…

Large multimodal models (LMMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with multi-sensory skills, such as visual understanding, to achieve stronger generic intelligence. In this paper, we analyze the latest model, GPT-4V(ision), to deepen the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zhengyuan Yang , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Jianfeng Wang , Chung-Ching Lin , Zicheng Liu , Lijuan Wang

Multimodal reward models (MRMs) play a crucial role in aligning Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with human preferences. Training a good MRM requires high-quality multimodal preference data. However, existing preference datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhihong Zhang , Jie Zhao , Xiaojian Huang , Jin Xu , Zhuodong Luo , Xin Liu , Jiansheng Wei , Xuejin Chen

End-user robot programming grants users the flexibility to re-task robots in situ, yet it remains challenging for novices due to the need for specialized robotics knowledge. Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to lower the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Callie Y. Kim , Nathan Thomas White , Evan He , Frederic Sala , Bilge Mutlu

While large multi-modal models (LMM) have shown notable progress in multi-modal tasks, their capabilities in tasks involving dense textual content remains to be fully explored. Dense text, which carries important information, is often found…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Shuo Zhang , Biao Yang , Zhang Li , Zhiyin Ma , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

The LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm offers a scalable, reference-free approach for evaluating language models. Although several calibration techniques have been proposed to better align these evaluators with human judgment, prior studies focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Roland Daynauth , Christopher Clarke , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their remarkable capabilities in performing diverse tasks across various domains. However, a thorough evaluation of these models is crucial before deploying them…

Usability is a key factor in the effectiveness of recommender systems. However, the analysis of user interfaces is a time-consuming process that requires expertise. Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) offer promising…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sebastian Lubos , Alexander Felfernig , Damian Garber , Viet-Man Le , Thi Ngoc Trang Tran

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing tasks, yet they encounter challenges in complex decision-making scenarios that require long-term reasoning and alignment with high-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Heng Dong , Kefei Duan , Chongjie Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, yet their performance is often capped by the coarse nature of existing alignment techniques. A critical bottleneck remains the lack of effective reward models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zicheng Kong , Dehua Ma , Zhenbo Xu , Alven Yang , Yiwei Ru , Haoran Wang , Zixuan Zhou , Fuqing Bie , Liuyu Xiang , Huijia Wu , Jian Zhao , Zhaofeng He

We train a suite of multimodal foundation models (MMFM) using the popular LLaVA framework with the recently released Gemma family of large language models (LLMs). Of particular interest is the 2B parameter Gemma model, which provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Musashi Hinck , Matthew L. Olson , David Cobbley , Shao-Yen Tseng , Vasudev Lal