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Effective utilization of time series data is often constrained by the scarcity of data quantity that reflects complex dynamics, especially under the condition of distributional shifts. Existing datasets may not encompass the full range of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Haibei Zhu , Yousef El-Laham , Elizabeth Fons , Svitlana Vyetrenko

Time series forecasting drives operational decisions in areas like finance, transportation, and energy. While supervised learning approaches achieve strong performance, they require domain-specific training, feature engineering, and ongoing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kavin Soni , Debanshu Das , Vamshi Guduguntla

Despite the popularisation of machine learning models, more often than not, they still operate as black boxes with no insight into what is happening inside the model. There exist a few methods that allow to visualise and explain why a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Błażej Leporowski , Alexandros Iosifidis

Multimodal learning, especially large-scale multimodal pre-training, has developed rapidly over the past few years and led to the greatest advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Despite its effectiveness, understanding the underlying…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Haoyu Lu , Qiongyi Zhou , Nanyi Fei , Zhiwu Lu , Mingyu Ding , Jingyuan Wen , Changde Du , Xin Zhao , Hao Sun , Huiguang He , Ji-Rong Wen

Time series foundation models have shown impressive performance on a variety of tasks, across a wide range of domains, even in zero-shot settings. However, most of these models are designed to handle short univariate time series as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Nina Żukowska , Mononito Goswami , Michał Wiliński , Willa Potosnak , Artur Dubrawski

While many advances in time series models focus exclusively on numerical data, research on multimodal time series, particularly those involving contextual textual information, remains in its infancy. With recent progress in large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zihao Li , Xiao Lin , Zhining Liu , Jiaru Zou , Ziwei Wu , Lecheng Zheng , Dongqi Fu , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

Multimodal time series forecasting is crucial in real-world applications, where decisions depend on both numerical data and contextual signals. The core challenge is to effectively combine temporal numerical patterns with the context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huu Hiep Nguyen , Minh Hoang Nguyen , Dung Nguyen , Hung Le

This work studies the problem of time series analysis with generalist (or foundation) models, which are models trained across many data domains. Drawing inspiration from the widespread success of large language models, we consider the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Sabera Talukder , Yisong Yue , Georgia Gkioxari

Many scientific fields, from medicine to seismology, rely on analyzing sequences of events over time to understand complex systems. Traditionally, machine learning models must be built and trained from scratch for each new dataset, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 David Berghaus , Patrick Seifner , Kostadin Cvejoski , Ramses J. Sanchez

Time series foundation models are pre-trained on large datasets and are able to achieve state-of-the-art performance in diverse tasks. However, to date, there has been limited work demonstrating how well these models perform in medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Mingzhu Liu , Angela H. Chen , George H. Chen

Traditional time series analysis has long relied on pattern recognition, trained on static and well-established benchmarks. However, in real-world settings -- where policies shift, human behavior adapts, and unexpected events unfold --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Xinlei Wang , Mingtian Tan , Jing Qiu , Junhua Zhao , Jinjin Gu

Real-world time series come with text: metadata, descriptions, news, reports. Yet time series foundation models process numerical sequences in isolation, and the multimodal text-and-time-series models that attempt to bridge the two all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Paul Quinlan , Jeremy Levasseur , Qingguo Li , Xiaodan Zhu

Patterns in temporal data can often be found across different scales, such as days, weeks, and months, making effective visualization of time-based data challenging. Here we propose a new approach for providing focus and context in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Bryce Morrow , Trevor Manz , Arlene E. Chung , Nils Gehlenborg , David Gotz

The past decade has witnessed significant advances in time series modeling with deep learning. While achieving state-of-the-art results, the best-performing architectures vary highly across applications and domains. Meanwhile, for natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Defu Cao , Furong Jia , Sercan O Arik , Tomas Pfister , Yixiang Zheng , Wen Ye , Yan Liu

Time series forecasting is essential for agents to make decisions. Traditional approaches rely on statistical methods to forecast given past numeric values. In practice, end-users often rely on visualizations such as charts and plots to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Srijan Sood , Zhen Zeng , Naftali Cohen , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen significant use in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Going beyond text, image and graphics, LLMs present a significant potential for analysis of time series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Jingbo Shang

Time series analysis has proven to be a powerful method to characterize several phenomena in biology, neuroscience and economics, and to understand some of their underlying dynamical features. Despite a plethora of methods have been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-03-01 Andrea Santoro , Federico Battiston , Giovanni Petri , Enrico Amico

Systems are commonly monitored for health and security through collection and streaming of multivariate time series. Advances in time series forecasting due to adoption of multilayer recurrent neural network architectures make it possible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-10 Oshri Barazani , David Tolpin

Financial time series forecasting is central to trading, portfolio optimization, and risk management, yet it remains challenging due to noisy, non-stationary, and heterogeneous data. Recent advances in time series foundation models (TSFMs),…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-11-25 Eghbal Rahimikia , Hao Ni , Weiguan Wang

Time series forecasting is prevalent in extensive real-world applications, such as financial analysis and energy planning. Previous studies primarily focus on time series modality, endeavoring to capture the intricate variations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiaxiang Dong , Haixu Wu , Yuxuan Wang , Li Zhang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long