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We present Branch-Train-Merge (BTM), a communication-efficient algorithm for embarrassingly parallel training of large language models (LLMs). We show it is possible to independently train subparts of a new class of LLMs on different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Margaret Li , Suchin Gururangan , Tim Dettmers , Mike Lewis , Tim Althoff , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has proven effective in enhancing large language models by encouraging step-by-step intermediate reasoning, and recent advances have extended this paradigm to Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). In the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Juntao Jiang , Jiangning Zhang , Yali Bi , Jinsheng Bai , Weixuan Liu , Weiwei Jin , Zhucun Xue , Yong Liu , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in Machine Translation (MT). However, careful evaluations by human reveal that the translations produced by LLMs still contain multiple errors. Importantly, feeding back such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhaopeng Feng , Yan Zhang , Hao Li , Bei Wu , Jiayu Liao , Wenqiang Liu , Jun Lang , Yang Feng , Jian Wu , Zuozhu Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) display strikingly different generalization behaviors: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often narrows capability, whereas reinforcement-learning (RL) tuning tends to preserve it. The reasons behind this divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Wenjie Hu , Shi Qiu , Maggie Ziyu Huan , Peiyang Song , Robert Nowak , Dawn Song

Open-source large language models (LLMs) have gained significant strength across diverse fields. Nevertheless, the majority of studies primarily concentrate on English, with only limited exploration into the realm of multilingual abilities.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Xujia Wang , Zhiyu Yang , Yuzhuang Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Liner Yang , Ning Ding , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in various NLP tasks. In this work, our aim is to explore the multilingual capabilities of large language models by using machine translation as a task involving…

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enhances performance of large language models, but questions remain about whether these reasoning traces faithfully reflect the internal processes of the model. We present the first comprehensive study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

Large language models (LLMs) encode extensive world knowledge through pre-training on massive datasets, which can then be fine-tuned for the question-answering (QA) task. However, effective strategies for fine-tuning LLMs for the QA task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

Recent work demonstrates the potential of multilingual pretraining of creating one model that can be used for various tasks in different languages. Previous work in multilingual pretraining has demonstrated that machine translation systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yuqing Tang , Chau Tran , Xian Li , Peng-Jen Chen , Naman Goyal , Vishrav Chaudhary , Jiatao Gu , Angela Fan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in machine translation (MT), even without specific training on the languages in question. However, translating rare words in low-resource or domain-specific contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Shangfeng Chen , Xiayang Shi , Pu Li , Yinlin Li , Jingjing Liu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) tackle complex reasoning problems by following long chain-of-thoughts (Long CoT) that incorporate reflection, backtracking, and self-validation. However, the training techniques and data requirements to elicit…

Fine-tuning and testing a multilingual large language model is expensive and challenging for low-resource languages (LRLs). While previous studies have predicted the performance of natural language processing (NLP) tasks using machine…

Recent studies in prompting large language model (LLM) for document-level machine translation (DMT) primarily focus on the inter-sentence context by flatting the source document into a long sequence. This approach relies solely on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bin Liu , Xinglin Lyu , Junhui Li , Daimeng Wei , Min Zhang , Shimin Tao , Hao Yang

Many multi-domain neural machine translation (NMT) models achieve knowledge transfer by enforcing one encoder to learn shared embedding across domains. However, this design lacks adaptation to individual domains. To overcome this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Haoming Jiang , Chen Liang , Chong Wang , Tuo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have recently attracted considerable interest for their ability to perform complex reasoning tasks, such as chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. However, most of the existing approaches to enhance this ability rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Xinyi Wang , Lucas Caccia , Oleksiy Ostapenko , Xingdi Yuan , William Yang Wang , Alessandro Sordoni

One of the significant challenges of Machine Translation (MT) is the scarcity of large amounts of data, mainly parallel sentence aligned corpora. If the evaluation is as rigorous as resource-rich languages, both Neural Machine Translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Amit Kumar , Rupjyoti Baruah , Ajay Pratap , Mayank Swarnkar , Anil Kumar Singh

In this paper, we propose a novel domain adaptation method named "mixed fine tuning" for neural machine translation (NMT). We combine two existing approaches namely fine tuning and multi domain NMT. We first train an NMT model on an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-07 Chenhui Chu , Raj Dabre , Sadao Kurohashi