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We revisit the sequential variants of linear regression with the squared loss, classification problems with hinge loss, and logistic regression, all characterized by unbounded losses in the setup where no assumptions are made on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-08 Jian Qian , Alexander Rakhlin , Nikita Zhivotovskiy

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are amortized variational inference algorithms that are trained to sample from unnormalized target distributions over compositional objects. A key limitation of GFlowNets until this time has been that…

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) treat sampling from distributions over compositional discrete spaces as a sequential decision-making problem, training a stochastic policy to construct objects step by step. Recent studies have revealed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Nikita Morozov , Daniil Tiapkin , Sergey Samsonov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

Generative Flow Networks (GFNs) were initially introduced on directed acyclic graphs to sample from an unnormalized distribution density. Recent works have extended the theoretical framework for generative methods allowing more flexibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Leo Maxime Brunswic , Mateo Clemente , Rui Heng Yang , Adam Sigal , Amir Rasouli , Yinchuan Li

While Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) provide a general framework to sample from a probability distribution defined up to normalization, they often suffer from slow convergence to the target distribution when the latter is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms are emerging as a key alternative to computationally expensive CFD simulations. However, state-of-the-art DL approaches require large and high-resolution training data to learn accurate models. The size and…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn an optimal policy by iteratively sampling actions to learn how to maximize the total expected return, $R(x)$. GFlowNets are a special class of algorithms designed to generate diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Nikhil Vemgal , Elaine Lau , Doina Precup

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets; GFNs) are a family of energy-based generative methods for combinatorial objects, capable of generating diverse and high-utility samples. However, consistently biasing GFNs towards producing high-utility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Elaine Lau , Stephen Zhewen Lu , Ling Pan , Doina Precup , Emmanuel Bengio

Symbolic regression (SR) is an area of interpretable machine learning that aims to identify mathematical expressions, often composed of simple functions, that best fit in a given set of covariates $X$ and response $y$. In recent years, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Sida Li , Ioana Marinescu , Sebastian Musslick

This paper is about the problem of learning a stochastic policy for generating an object (like a molecular graph) from a sequence of actions, such that the probability of generating an object is proportional to a given positive reward for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Emmanuel Bengio , Moksh Jain , Maksym Korablyov , Doina Precup , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have been introduced as a method to sample a diverse set of candidates with probabilities proportional to a given reward. However, GFlowNets can only be used with a predefined scalar reward, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yihang Chen , Lukas Mauch

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have recently emerged as a suitable framework for generating diverse and high-quality molecular structures by learning from rewards treated as unnormalized distributions. Previous works in this framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohit Pandey , Gopeshh Subbaraj , Artem Cherkasov , Martin Ester , Emmanuel Bengio

We present energy-based generative flow networks (EB-GFN), a novel probabilistic modeling algorithm for high-dimensional discrete data. Building upon the theory of generative flow networks (GFlowNets), we model the generation process by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Dinghuai Zhang , Nikolay Malkin , Zhen Liu , Alexandra Volokhova , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets; GFNs) are a class of generative models that learn to sample compositional objects proportionally to their a priori unknown value, their reward. We focus on the case where the reward has a specified,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexandre Larouche , Audrey Durand

Unitary Synthesis, the decomposition of a unitary matrix into a sequence of quantum gates, is a fundamental challenge in quantum compilation. Prevailing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are often hampered by sparse reward signals,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Inhoe Koo , Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

All machine learning algorithms use a loss, cost, utility or reward function to encode the learning objective and oversee the learning process. This function that supervises learning is a frequently unrecognized hyperparameter that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mathew Mithra Noel , Arindam Banerjee , Yug Oswal , Geraldine Bessie Amali D , Venkataraman Muthiah-Nakarajan

The scalability of pool-based active learning is limited by the computational cost of evaluating large unlabeled datasets, a challenge that is particularly acute in virtual screening for drug discovery. While active learning strategies such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Renfei Zhang , Mohit Pandey , Artem Cherkasov , Martin Ester

We propose an algorithm capable of identifying and eliminating irrelevant layers of a neural network during the early stages of training. In contrast to weight or filter-level pruning, layer pruning reduces the harder to parallelize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Valentin Frank Ingmar Guenter , Athanasios Sideris

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) are recently proposed models for learning stochastic policies that generate compositional objects by sequences of actions with the probability proportional to a given reward function. The central problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Anh Do , Duy Dinh , Tan Nguyen , Khuong Nguyen , Stanley Osher , Nhat Ho

Recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms were once widely used for training small-scale neural networks, due to their fast convergence. However, previous RLS algorithms are unsuitable for training deep neural networks (DNNs), since they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Chunyuan Zhang , Qi Song , Hui Zhou , Yigui Ou , Hongyao Deng , Laurence Tianruo Yang