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The experimental realization of increasingly complex synthetic quantum systems calls for the development of general theoretical methods, to validate and fully exploit quantum resources. Quantum-state tomography (QST) aims at reconstructing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-05-17 Giacomo Torlai , Guglielmo Mazzola , Juan Carrasquilla , Matthias Troyer , Roger Melko , Giuseppe Carleo

Constructing an integrated large-scale qubit system of realistic size requires addressing the challenge of physical crowding among qubits. This constraint poses an issue of coarse-grained (CG) measurement, wherein information from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Donghun Jung , Young-Wook Cho , Yosep Kim , Junghyun Lee

In this study the determinant of the average quadratic error matrix is used as the measure of state estimation efficiency. This quantity is easily computable in some cases, so it gives us a reasonable tool to find optimal measurement setup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-10 Denes Petz , Laszlo Ruppert

We introduce random matrix theory to study the tomographic efficiency of a wide class of measurements constructed out of weighted 2-designs, including symmetric informationally complete (SIC) probability operator measurements (POMs). In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-05 Huangjun Zhu , Berthold-Georg Englert

Quantum state tomography (QST) for reconstructing pure states requires exponentially increasing resources and measurements with the number of qubits by using state-of-the-art quantum compressive sensing (CS) methods. In this article, QST…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-16 Burhan Gulbahar

We present a two-step protocol for quantum measurement tomography that is light on classical co-processing cost and still achieves optimal sample complexity in the system dimension. Given measurement data from a known probe state ensemble,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Leonardo Zambrano , Sergi Ramos-Calderer , Richard Kueng

Quantum process tomography (QPT) is crucial for advancing quantum technologies, including quantum computers, quantum networks and quantum sensors. Shadow process tomography (SPT) utilizes the Choi isomorphism to map QPT to shadow state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Haigang Wang , Kan He

Quantum state tomography is the problem of estimating a given quantum state. Usually, it is required to run the quantum experiment - state preparation, state evolution, measurement - several times to be able to estimate the output quantum…

General Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Shibdas Roy , Filippo Caruso , Srushti Patil , Anumita Mukhopadhyay

Practical quantum state tomography is usually performed by carrying out repeated measurements on many copies of a given state. The accuracy of the reconstruction depends strongly on the dimensionality of the system and the number of copies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-07-08 Alex Ling , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

We use a meta-learning neural-network approach to analyse data from a measured quantum state. Once our neural network has been trained it can be used to efficiently sample measurements of the state in measurement bases not contained in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-01 Alistair W. R. Smith , Johnnie Gray , M. S. Kim

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

The article establishes a framework for dynamic generation of informationally complete POVMs in quantum state tomography. Assuming that the evolution of a quantum system is given by a dynamical map in the Kraus representation, one can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Artur Czerwinski

We propose an approach to reconstruct any superconducting charge qubit state by using quantum state tomography. This procedure requires a series of measurements on a large enough number of identically prepared copies of the quantum system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yu-xi Liu , L. F. Wei , Franco Nori

An arbitrary quantum-optical process (channel) can be completely characterized by probing it with coherent states using the recently developed coherent-state quantum process tomography (QPT) [Lobino et al., Science 322, 563 (2008)]. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Xiang-Bin Wang , Zong-Wen Yu , Jia-Zhong Hu , Adam Miranowicz , Franco Nori

A simple and flexible scheme for high-dimensional linear quantum operations on optical transverse spatial modes is demonstrated. The quantum Fourier transformation (QFT) and quantum state tomography (QST) via symmetric informationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Shikang Li , Shan Zhang Xue Feng , Stephen M. Barnett , Wei Zhang , Kaiyu Cui , Fang Liu , Yidong Huang

Quantum state tomography (QST), the process of reconstructing some unknown quantum state $\hat\rho$ from repeated measurements on copies of said state, is a foundationally important task in the context of quantum computation and simulation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Nathan Keenan , John Goold , Alex Nico-Katz

Quantum state tomography is the experimental procedure of determining an unknown state. It is not only essential for the verification of resources and processors of quantum information but is also important in its own right with regard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Mahn-Soo Choi

Quantum state tomography is a powerful, but resource-intensive, general solution for numerous quantum information processing tasks. This motivates the design of robust tomography procedures that use relevant resources as sparingly as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Richard Kueng , Daniel Stilck França

Quantum state tomography, aimed at deriving a classical description of an unknown state from measurement data, is a fundamental task in quantum physics. In this work, we analyse the ultimate achievable performance of tomography of…

Quantum state tomography (QST) scales exponentially in both measurement and computational cost, making full reconstruction impractical for multi-qubit systems. Existing approaches attempt to reduce this complexity, but do not explicitly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ayush Chambyal , Brijesh , Rakesh Sharma