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This paper presents LLM-empowered workflow to support Software Defined Vehicle (SDV) software development, covering the aspects of security-aware system topology design, as well as event-driven decision-making code analysis. For code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Nenad Petrovic , Vahid Zolfaghari , Fengjunjie Pan , Alois Knoll

Designing, assuring and releasing safe automated vehicles is a highly interdisciplinary process. As complex systems, automated driving systems will inevitably be subject to emergent properties, i. e., the properties of the overall system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Marcus Nolte , Markus Maurer

Autonomous vehicles must navigate dynamically uncertain environments while balancing safety and efficiency. This challenge is exacerbated by unpredictable human-driven vehicle (HV) behaviors and perception inaccuracies, necessitating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rui Yang , Lei Zheng , Shuzhi Sam Ge , Jun Ma

The importance of mission or safety critical software systems in many application domains of embedded systems is continuously growing, and so is the effort and complexity for reliability and safety analysis. Model driven development is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Kai Hoefig , Andreas Joanni , Marc Zeller , Francesco Montrone , Martin Rothfelder , Rakshith Amarnath , Peter Munk , Arne Nordmann

Modern driving involves interactive technologies that can divert attention, increasing the risk of accidents. This paper presents a computational cognitive model that simulates human multitasking while driving. Based on optimal supervisory…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jussi Jokinen , Patrick Ebel , Tuomo Kujala

Transportation systems have long been shaped by complexity and heterogeneity, driven by the interdependency of agent actions and traffic outcomes. The deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) in such systems introduces a new challenge:…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Mohammad Elayan , Wissam Kontar

It is widely acknowledged that verifying the safety of autonomous driving strategies requires a substantial body of simulation testing and road testing. In recent years, the formal safety methods represented by Responsibility-Sensitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-09 Can Zhao , Zhiheng Li , Li Li , Xiao Wang , Fei-Yue Wang , Xiangbin Wu

Modern-day autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming complex multidisciplinary systems composed of mechanical, electrical, electronic, computing and information sub-systems. Furthermore, the individual constituent technologies employed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak , Venkat Krovi

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) promise a range of societal advantages, including broader access to mobility, reduced road accidents, and enhanced transportation efficiency. However, evaluating the risks linked to AVs is complex due to limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Alessandro Zanardi , Andrea Censi , Margherita Atzei , Luigi Di Lillo , Emilio Frazzoli

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are expected to bring considerable benefits to society, such as traffic optimization and accidents reduction. They rely heavily on advances in many Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches and techniques. However,…

The current research interest in autonomous driving is growing at a rapid pace, attracting great investments from both the academic and corporate sectors. In order for vehicles to be fully autonomous, it is imperative that the driver…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Kai Li Lim , Thomas Bräunl

Autonomous driving systems have witnessed a significant development during the past years thanks to the advance in machine learning-enabled sensing and decision-making algorithms. One critical challenge for their massive deployment in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wenhao Ding , Chejian Xu , Mansur Arief , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

The use of neural networks and reinforcement learning has become increasingly popular in autonomous vehicle control. However, the opaqueness of the resulting control policies presents a significant barrier to deploying neural network-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Sampo Kuutti , Richard Bowden , Saber Fallah

Unmanned vehicle technologies are an area of great interest in theory and practice today. These technologies have advanced considerably after the first applications have been implemented and cause a rapid change in human life. Autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Sertap Kamçı , Dogukan Aksu , Muhammed Ali Aydin

This article examines a symbolic numerical approach to optimize a vehicle's track for autonomous driving and collision avoidance. The new approach uses the classical cost function definition incorporating the essential aspects of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Hazem Fahmy , Mohamed A. Abd El Ghany , Gerd Baumann

Behavior Trees (BT) are becoming increasingly popular in the robotics community. The BT tool is well suited for decision-making applications allowing a robot to perform complex behavior while being explainable to humans as well. Verifying…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Matteo Tadiello , Elena Troubitsyna

Generating safety-critical scenarios is essential for validating the robustness of autonomous driving systems, yet existing methods often struggle to produce collisions that are both realistic and diverse while ensuring explicit interaction…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Wenyun Li , Zejian Deng , Chen Sun

The increasing variety of means of transportation, including light vehicles like e-scooters and e-bikes, together with the increasing weight of conventional vehicles due to electrification and consumer preferences for SUVs, are raising…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Felix Wieberneit , Emanuele Crisostomi , Wynita Griggs , Robert Shorten

Behavior Trees constitute a widespread AI tool which has been successfully spun out in robotics. Their advantages include simplicity, modularity, and reusability of code. However, Behavior Trees remain a high-level decision making engine;…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Pilar de la Cruz , Justus Piater , Matteo Saveriano

Recent research has found that navigation systems usually assume that all roads are equally safe, directing drivers to dangerous routes, which led to catastrophic consequences. To address this problem, this paper aims to begin the process…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Runsheng Xu , Shibo Zhang , Yue Zhao , Peixi Xiong , Allen Yilun Lin , Brent Hecht , Jiaqi Ma