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This paper formalizes and analyzes Gaussian smoothing applied to two prominent optimization methods: Stochastic Gradient Descent (GSmoothSGD) and Adam (GSmoothAdam) in deep learning. By attenuating small fluctuations, Gaussian smoothing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Andrew Starnes , Clayton Webster

This paper explores second-order optimization methods in Federated Learning (FL), addressing the critical challenges of slow convergence and the excessive communication rounds required to achieve optimal performance from the global model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Mrinmay Sen , Sidhant R Nair , C Krishna Mohan

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a fundamental tool in unsupervised learning, widely used for tasks such as dimensionality reduction, feature extraction, representation learning, and topic modeling. Many algorithms have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Mai-Quyen Pham , Jérémy Cohen , Thierry Chonavel

Robotic-assisted tracheal intubation requires the robot to distinguish anatomical features like an experienced physician using deep-learning techniques. However, real datasets of oropharyngeal organs are limited due to patient privacy…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-29 Guankun Wang , Tian-Ao Ren , Jiewen Lai , Long Bai , Hongliang Ren

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) used in modern machine learning is computationally expensive. Machine learning scientists, therefore, rely on stochastic first-order methods for training, coupled with significant hand-tuning, to obtain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Eric Silk , Swarnita Chakraborty , Nairanjana Dasgupta , Anand D. Sarwate , Andrew Lumsdaine , Tony Chiang

This paper studies second-order methods for nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel optimization. We propose a novel fully second-order bilevel approximation method (FSBA) that achieves an iteration complexity of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Sheng Yang , Chengchang Liu , Lesi Chen , John C. S. Lui

AAA rational approximation has normally been carried out on a discrete set, typically hundreds or thousands of points in a real interval or complex domain. Here we introduce a continuum AAA algorithm that discretizes a domain adaptively as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Toby Driscoll , Yuji Nakatsukasa , Lloyd N. Trefethen

We propose adaptive, line search-free second-order methods with optimal rate of convergence for solving convex-concave min-max problems. By means of an adaptive step size, our algorithms feature a simple update rule that requires solving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Ruichen Jiang , Ali Kavis , Qiujiang Jin , Sujay Sanghavi , Aryan Mokhtari

We propose a new randomized optimization method for high-dimensional problems which can be seen as a generalization of coordinate descent to random subspaces. We show that an adaptive sampling strategy for the random subspace significantly…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci , Marco Pavone

Diffusion Transformers have become a dominant paradigm in visual generation, yet their low inference efficiency remains a key bottleneck hindering further advancement. Among common training-free techniques, caching offers high acceleration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Tong Shao , Yusen Fu , Guoying Sun , Jingde Kong , Zhuotao Tian , Jingyong Su

Optimal selection of optimization algorithms is crucial for training deep learning models. The Adam optimizer has gained significant attention due to its efficiency and wide applicability. However, to enhance the adaptability of optimizers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Chengxi Pan , Junshang Chen , Jingrui Ye

This paper presents the Hybrid Overestimating Approximate Adder designed to enhance the performance in processing engines, specifically focused on edge AI applications. A novel Plus One Adder design is proposed as an incremental adder in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Omkar Kokane , Prabhat Sati , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Gradient descent based optimization methods are the methods of choice to train deep neural networks in machine learning. Beyond the standard gradient descent method, also suitable modified variants of standard gradient descent involving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Minimizing loss functions is central to machine-learning training. Although first-order methods dominate practical applications, higher-order techniques such as Newton's method can deliver greater accuracy and faster convergence, yet are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Giuseppe Carrino , Elena Loli Piccolomini , Elisa Riccietti , Theo Mary

We consider variants of trust-region and cubic regularization methods for non-convex optimization, in which the Hessian matrix is approximated. Under mild conditions on the inexact Hessian, and using approximate solution of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Peng Xu , Fred Roosta , Michael W. Mahoney

We show that, for finite-sum minimization problems, incorporating partial second-order information of the objective function can dramatically improve the robustness to mini-batch size of variance-reduced stochastic gradient methods, making…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Sachin Garg , Albert S. Berahas , Michał Dereziński

Classic zeroth-order optimization approaches typically optimize for a smoothed version of the original function, i.e., the expected objective under randomly perturbed model parameters. This can be interpreted as encouraging the loss values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xuchen Gong , Tian Li

This paper is devoted to the design of efficient primal-dual algorithm (PDA) for solving convex optimization problems with known saddle-point structure. We present a new PDA with larger acceptable range of parameters and correction, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-04 Xiaokai Chang , Sanyang Liu

We design an algorithm which finds an $\epsilon$-approximate stationary point (with $\|\nabla F(x)\|\le \epsilon$) using $O(\epsilon^{-3})$ stochastic gradient and Hessian-vector products, matching guarantees that were previously available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yossi Arjevani , Yair Carmon , John C. Duchi , Dylan J. Foster , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan

Despite their popularity in the field of continuous optimisation, second-order quasi-Newton methods are challenging to apply in machine learning, as the Hessian matrix is intractably large. This computational burden is exacerbated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Elre T. Oldewage , Ross M. Clarke , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato