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Related papers: CoLLAP: Contrastive Long-form Language-Audio Pretr…

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Audio-Text retrieval takes a natural language query to retrieve relevant audio files in a database. Conversely, Text-Audio retrieval takes an audio file as a query to retrieve relevant natural language descriptions. Most of the literature…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-29 Soham Deshmukh , Benjamin Elizalde , Huaming Wang

Contrastively pretrained audio-language models (e.g., CLAP) excel at clip-level understanding but struggle with frame-level tasks. Existing extensions fail to exploit the varying granularity of real-world audio-text data, where massive…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xiquan Li , Xuenan Xu , Ziyang Ma , Wenxi Chen , Haolin He , Qiuqiang Kong , Xie Chen

This paper investigates negative sampling for contrastive learning in the context of audio-text retrieval. The strategy for negative sampling refers to selecting negatives (either audio clips or textual descriptions) from a pool of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-20 Huang Xie , Okko Räsänen , Tuomas Virtanen

Contrastive language-audio pre-training (CLAP), which learns audio-language representations by aligning audio and text in a common feature space, has become popular for solving audio tasks. However, CLAP's audio features lack…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Daisuke Niizumi , Daiki Takeuchi , Masahiro Yasuda , Binh Thien Nguyen , Yasunori Ohishi , Noboru Harada

Despite recent advancements, audio-text models still lag behind their image-text counterparts in scale and performance. In this paper, we propose to improve both the data scale and the training procedure of audio-text contrastive models.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Ge Zhu , Jordan Darefsky , Zhiyao Duan

The ambiguity of human emotions poses several challenges for machine learning models, as they often overlap and lack clear delineating boundaries. Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) has emerged as a key technique for…

Modeling fine-grained speaking styles remains challenging for language-speech representation pre-training, as existing speech-text models are typically trained with coarse captions or task-specific supervision, and scalable fine-grained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Yifan Yang , Bing Han , Hui Wang , Wei Wang , Ziyang Ma , Long Zhou , Zengrui Jin , Guanrou Yang , Tianrui Wang , Xu Tan , Xie Chen

Current emotion-based contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) methods typically learn by na\"ively aligning audio samples with corresponding text prompts. Consequently, this approach fails to capture the ordinal nature of emotions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shreeram Suresh Chandra , Lucas Goncalves , Junchen Lu , Carlos Busso , Berrak Sisman

Previous studies in automated audio captioning have faced difficulties in accurately capturing the complete temporal details of acoustic scenes and events within long audio sequences. This paper presents AudioLog, a large language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-05 Jisheng Bai , Han Yin , Mou Wang , Dongyuan Shi , Woon-Seng Gan , Jianfeng Chen , Susanto Rahardja

Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining (CLAP) became of crucial importance in the field of audio and speech processing. Its employment ranges from sound event detection to text-to-audio generation. However, one of the main limitations is…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Francesco Paissan , Elisabetta Farella

Deriving multimodal representations of audio and lexical inputs is a central problem in Natural Language Understanding (NLU). In this paper, we present Contrastive Aligned Audio-Language Multirate and Multimodal Representations (CALM), an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-09 Vin Sachidananda , Shao-Yen Tseng , Erik Marchi , Sachin Kajarekar , Panayiotis Georgiou

The disparity in language resources poses a challenge in multilingual NLP, with high-resource languages benefiting from extensive data, while low-resource languages lack sufficient data for effective training. Our Contrastive Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Philipp Borchert , Jochen De Weerdt , Marie-Francine Moens

We introduce COLA, a self-supervised pre-training approach for learning a general-purpose representation of audio. Our approach is based on contrastive learning: it learns a representation which assigns high similarity to audio segments…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Aaqib Saeed , David Grangier , Neil Zeghidour

Language-image pre-training largely relies on how precisely and thoroughly a text describes its paired image. In practice, however, the contents of an image can be so rich that well describing them requires lengthy captions (e.g., with 10…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Kecheng Zheng , Yifei Zhang , Wei Wu , Fan Lu , Shuailei Ma , Xin Jin , Wei Chen , Yujun Shen

We present a multimodal framework to learn general audio representations from videos. Existing contrastive audio representation learning methods mainly focus on using the audio modality alone during training. In this work, we show that…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Luyu Wang , Pauline Luc , Adria Recasens , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Aaron van den Oord

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has significantly boosted the performance of various vision-language tasks by scaling up the dataset with image-text pairs collected from the web. However, the presence of intrinsic noise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Kaicheng Yang , Jiankang Deng , Xiang An , Jiawei Li , Ziyong Feng , Jia Guo , Jing Yang , Tongliang Liu

Large-scale image-text contrastive pre-training models, such as CLIP, have been demonstrated to effectively learn high-quality multimodal representations. However, there is limited research on learning video-text representations for general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xingjian He , Sihan Chen , Fan Ma , Zhicheng Huang , Xiaojie Jin , Zikang Liu , Dongmei Fu , Yi Yang , Jing Liu , Jiashi Feng

Audio-text retrieval is crucial for bridging acoustic signals and natural language. While contrastive dual-encoder architectures like CLAP have shown promise, they are fundamentally limited by the capacity of small-scale encoders.…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jilan Xu , Carl Thomé , Danijela Horak , Weidi Xie , Andrew Zisserman

Audio-language pretraining holds promise for general-purpose audio understanding, yet remains underexplored compared to its vision counterpart. While vision-language models like CLIP serve as widely adopted foundations, existing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Xuanru Zhou , Mingyue Huo , Yiwen Shao , Hao Zhang , Dong Yu

Contrastive vision-language models, such as CLIP, have garnered considerable attention for various downstream tasks, mainly due to the remarkable ability of the learned features for generalization. However, the features they learned often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yichao Cai , Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi