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This work introduces a paradigm for constructing parametric neural operators that are derived from finite-dimensional representations of Green's operators for linear partial differential equations (PDEs). We refer to such neural operators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hugo Melchers , Joost Prins , Michael Abdelmalik

The traditional limitations of neural networks in reliably generalizing beyond the convex hulls of their training data present a significant problem for computational physics, in which one often wishes to solve PDEs in regimes far beyond…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jonathan Gorard , Ammar Hakim , James Juno

Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the mathematical tool of choice for modelling spatiotemporal PDE-dynamics under the influence of randomness. Based on the notion of mild solution of an SPDE, we introduce a novel neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Cristopher Salvi , Maud Lemercier , Andris Gerasimovics

In the present article, we introduce and study the behaviour of the new family of exponential type neural network operators activated by the sigmoidal functions. We establish the point-wise and uniform approximation theorems for these NN…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-14 S. Bajpeyi , A. Sathish Kumar

The numerical solution of differential equations can be formulated as an inference problem to which formal statistical approaches can be applied. However, nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) pose substantial challenges from an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Junyang Wang , Jon Cockayne , Oksana Chkrebtii , T. J. Sullivan , Chris. J. Oates

Verification of Neural Networks (NNs) that approximate the solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is a major milestone towards enhancing their trustworthiness and accelerating their deployment, especially for safety-critical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Petros Ellinas , Rahul Nellikath , Ignasi Ventura , Jochen Stiasny , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

We develop a general framework for data-driven approximation of input-output maps between infinite-dimensional spaces. The proposed approach is motivated by the recent successes of neural networks and deep learning, in combination with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Kaushik Bhattacharya , Bamdad Hosseini , Nikola B. Kovachki , Andrew M. Stuart

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous in the world around us, modelling phenomena from heat and sound to quantum systems. Recent advances in deep learning have resulted in the development of powerful neural solvers; however,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Yolanne Yi Ran Lee

In this article, we introduce and analyze a deep learning based approximation algorithm for SPDEs. Our approach employs neural networks to approximate the solutions of SPDEs along given realizations of the driving noise process. If applied…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Christian Beck , Sebastian Becker , Patrick Cheridito , Arnulf Jentzen , Ariel Neufeld

Deep learning has been proposed as an efficient alternative for the numerical approximation of PDE solutions, offering fast, iterative simulation of PDEs through the approximation of solution operators. However, deep learning solutions have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Sean Current , Chandan Kumar , Datta Gaitonde , Srinivasan Parthasarathy

This paper advances the study of multivariate function approximation using neural network operators activated by symmetrized and perturbed hyperbolic tangent functions. We propose new non-linear operators that preserve dynamic symmetries…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Rômulo Damasclin Chaves dos Santos , Jorge Henrique de Oliveira Sales

Neural operators are aiming at approximating operators mapping between Banach spaces of functions, achieving much success in the field of scientific computing. Compared to certain deep learning-based solvers, such as Physics-Informed Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Xianliang Xu , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as a promising approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in science and engineering. Previous ML models typically cannot generalize outside the training data; for example, a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zongyi Li , Samuel Lanthaler , Catherine Deng , Michael Chen , Yixuan Wang , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

Partial differential equations (PDEs) form the backbone of simulations of many natural phenomena, for example in climate modeling, material science, and even financial markets. The application of physics-informed neural networks to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Nils Klement , Veronika Eyring , Mierk Schwabe

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) can be prohibitively expensive using traditional numerical methods. Deep learning-based surrogate models typically specialize in a single PDE with fixed parameters. We present a framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Qian-Ze Zhu , Paul Raccuglia , Michael P. Brenner

Parareal algorithms are studied for semilinear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations. These algorithms proceed as two-level integrators, with fine and coarse schemes, and have been designed to achieve a `parallel in real time'…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-15 Charles-Edouard Bréhier , Xu Wang

Implementing deep neural networks for learning the solution maps of parametric partial differential equations (PDEs) turns out to be more efficient than using many conventional numerical methods. However, limited theoretical analyses have…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-31 Zhen Lei , Lei Shi , Chenyu Zeng

In recent years, neural networks have achieved remarkable progress in various fields and have also drawn much attention in applying them on scientific problems. A line of methods involving neural networks for solving partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Xianliang Xu , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

Neural operator (NO) architectures learn nonlinear maps between infinite-dimensional function spaces and are widely used to accelerate simulation and enable data-driven model discovery. While universality results ensure expressivity, they…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Takashi Furuya , Anastasis Kratsios

Neural operators are neural network-based surrogate models for approximating solution operators of parametric partial differential equations, enabling efficient many-query computations in science and engineering. Many applications,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Mingyu Han , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Yuhan Wang , Yanshu Zhang , Jiayi Zhou