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Modern malware typically makes use of a domain generation algorithm (DGA) to avoid command and control domains or IPs being seized or sinkholed. This means that an infected system may attempt to access many domains in an attempt to contact…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Ryan R. Curtin , Andrew B. Gardner , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Alexey Kleymenov , Alejandro Mosquera

Domain Name System (DNS) is a crucial component of current IP-based networks as it is the standard mechanism for name to IP resolution. However, due to its lack of data integrity and origin authentication processes, it is vulnerable to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Abdallah Moubayed , MohammadNoor Injadat , Abdallah Shami , Hanan Lutfiyya

The detection of malicious websites has become a critical issue in cybersecurity. Therefore, this paper offers a comprehensive review of data-driven methods for detecting malicious websites. Traditional approaches and their limitations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Zeyuan Hu , Ziang Yuan

The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a translation between readable domain names and IP addresses. The DNS is a key infrastructure component of the Internet and a prime target for a variety of attacks. One of the most significant threat to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Harel Berger , Amit Z. Dvir , Moti Geva

A crucial technical challenge for cybercriminals is to keep control over the potentially millions of infected devices that build up their botnets, without compromising the robustness of their attacks. A single, fixed C&C server, for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Fran Casino , Nikolaos Lykousas , Ivan Homoliak , Constantinos Patsakis , Julio Hernandez-Castro

Digital systems find it challenging to keep up with cybersecurity threats. The daily emergence of more than 560,000 new malware strains poses significant hazards to the digital ecosystem. The traditional malware detection methods fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Abrar Fahim , Shamik Dey , Md. Nurul Absur , Md Kamrul Siam , Md. Tahmidul Huque , Jafreen Jafor Godhuli

Password security hinges on an in-depth understanding of the techniques adopted by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries resort to pragmatic guessing strategies such as dictionary attacks that are inherently difficult to model in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Dario Pasquini , Marco Cianfriglia , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi

Malicious actors exploit the DNS namespace to launch spam campaigns, phishing attacks, malware, and other harmful activities. Combating these threats requires visibility into domain existence, ownership and nameservice activity that the DNS…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Raffaele Sommese , Gautam Akiwate , Antonia Affinito , Moritz Müller , Mattijs Jonker , KC Claffy

As connected devices multiply and the internet matures into a ubiquitous platform for exchange and communication, the question of what makes a domain name valuable is ever more significant. Due to the scarcity of meaningful vocabulary and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-07-05 Zsolt Bikadi , Sapumal Ahangama , Eszter Hazai

Cybercriminals have long depended on domain names for phishing, spam, malware distribution, and botnet operation. To facilitate the malicious activities, they continually register new domain names for exploitation. Previous work revealed an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yevheniya Nosyk , Maciej Korczyński , Carlos Gañán , Sourena Maroofi , Jan Bayer , Zul Odgerel , Samaneh Tajalizadehkhoob , Andrzej Duda

This paper proposes a generic classification system designed to detect security threats based on the behavior of malware samples. The system relies on statistical features computed from proxy log fields to train detectors using a database…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-09 Lukas Machlica , Karel Bartos , Michal Sofka

Cloud providers' support for network evasion techniques that misrepresent the server's domain name is more prevalent than previously believed, which has serious implications for security and privacy due to the reliance on domain names in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Blake Anderson , David McGrew

In recent years, malware with tunneling (or: covert channel) capabilities is on the rise. While malware research led to several methods and innovations, the detection and differentiation of malware solely based on its DNS tunneling features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Denis Petrov , Pascal Ruffing , Sebastian Zillien , Steffen Wendzel

There is a continuous increase in the sophistication that modern malware exercise in order to bypass the deployed security mechanisms. A typical approach to evade the identification and potential takedown of a botnet command and control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Constantinos Patsakis , Fran Casino , Vasilios Katos

A safe and secure Domain Name System (DNS) is of paramount importance for the digital economy and society. Malicious activities on the DNS, generally referred to as "DNS abuse" are frequent and severe problems affecting online security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jan Bayer , Yevheniya Nosyk , Olivier Hureau , Simon Fernandez , Ivett Paulovics , Andrzej Duda , Maciej Korczyński

Inference based techniques are one of the major approaches to analyze DNS data and detecting malicious domains. The key idea of inference techniques is to first define associations between domains based on features extracted from DNS data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Issa Khalil , Bei Guan , Mohamed Nabeel , Ting Yu

Detection of malware-infected computers and detection of malicious web domains based on their encrypted HTTPS traffic are challenging problems, because only addresses, timestamps, and data volumes are observable. The detection problems are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Paul Prasse , Rene Knaebel , Lukas Machlica , Tomas Pevny , Tobias Scheffer

Operating in a dynamic real world environment requires a forward thinking and adversarial aware design for classifiers, beyond fitting the model to the training data. In such scenarios, it is necessary to make classifiers - a) harder to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Tegjyot Singh Sethi , Mehmed Kantardzic , Lingyu Lyua , Jiashun Chen

The last years of the 20 th century and the beginning of the 21 th mark the facilitation trend of our real life due to the big development and progress of the computers and other intelligent devices. Algorithms based on artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Desislav Andreev , Simona Petrakieva , Ina Taralova

Toll scams involve criminals registering fake domains that pretend to be legitimate transportation agencies to trick users into making fraudulent payments. Although these scams are rapidly increasing and causing significant harm, they have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Morium Akter Munny , Mahbub Alam , Sonjoy Kumar Paul , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman , Nitesh Saxena