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The separation assurance task will be extremely challenging for air traffic controllers in a complex and high density airspace environment. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) was used to develop an autonomous separation assurance framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Wei Guo , Marc Brittain , Peng Wei

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a foundational approach for enabling intelligent robotic behavior in dynamic and uncertain environments. This work presents an in-depth review of RL principles, advanced deep reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Kumater Ter , Abolanle Adetifa , Daniel Udekwe

Developing decision-making algorithms for highly automated driving systems remains challenging, since these systems have to operate safely in an open and complex environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches can learn comprehensive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-01 M. Youssef Abdelhamid , Lennart Vater , Zlatan Ajanovic

Deep Neural Network-based systems are now the state-of-the-art in many robotics tasks, but their application in safety-critical domains remains dangerous without formal guarantees on network robustness. Small perturbations to sensor inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Michael Everett , Bjorn Lutjens , Jonathan P. How

Safety in goal directed Reinforcement Learning (RL) settings has typically been handled through constraints over trajectories and have demonstrated good performance in primarily short horizon tasks. In this paper, we are specifically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yuxiao Lu , Arunesh Sinha , Pradeep Varakantham

Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful approach for robots to learn complex, collaborative skills by combining Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) for motion and Variable Impedance Control (VIC) for compliant interaction. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shreyas Kumar , Ravi Prakash

Generating safe motion plans in real-time is a key requirement for deploying robot manipulators to assist humans in collaborative settings. In particular, robots must satisfy strict safety requirements to avoid self-damage or harming nearby…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Jonathan Michaux , Qingyi Chen , Yongseok Kwon , Ram Vasudevan

Preventing collisions in multi-robot navigation is crucial for deployment. This requirement hinders the use of learning-based approaches, such as multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), on their own due to their lack of safety…

This study presents a dynamic safety margin-based reinforcement learning framework for local motion planning in dynamic and uncertain environments. The proposed planner integrates real-time trajectory optimization with adaptive gap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tengfei Liu , Haoyang Zhong , Jiazheng Hu , Tan Zhang

This paper develops a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)-agent for navigation and control of autonomous surface vessels (ASV) on inland waterways. Spatial restrictions due to waterway geometry and the resulting challenges, such as high flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Niklas Paulig , Ostap Okhrin

Function approximation has enabled remarkable advances in applying reinforcement learning (RL) techniques in environments with high-dimensional inputs, such as images, in an end-to-end fashion, mapping such inputs directly to low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Junlin Wu , Hussein Sibai , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Autonomous robots require high degrees of cognitive and motoric intelligence to come into our everyday life. In non-structured environments and in the presence of uncertainties, such degrees of intelligence are not easy to obtain.…

Sequential decision making using Markov Decision Process underpins many realworld applications. Both model-based and model free methods have achieved strong results in these settings. However, real-world tasks must balance reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Janaka Chathuranga Brahmanage , Akshat Kumar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained increasing attraction in the academia and tech industry with launches to a variety of impactful applications and products. Although research is being actively conducted on many fronts (e.g., offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Ruiyang Xu , Zhengxing Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is ubiquitous in the development of modern AI systems. However, state-of-the-art RL agents require extensive, and potentially unsafe, interactions with their environments to learn effectively. These limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yarden As , Bhavya Sukhija , Lenart Treven , Carmelo Sferrazza , Stelian Coros , Andreas Krause

Real-world applications require RL algorithms to act safely. During learning process, it is likely that the agent executes sub-optimal actions that may lead to unsafe/poor states of the system. Exploration is particularly brittle in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-17 Elena Smirnova , Elvis Dohmatob , Jérémie Mary

The high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in modern smart power systems introduces unforeseen uncertainties for the electricity sector, leading to increased complexity and difficulty in the operation and control of power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Van-Hai Bui , Srijita Das , Akhtar Hussain , Guilherme Vieira Hollweg , Wencong Su

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) trains a policy to maximize the task reward while satisfying safety constraints. While prior works focus on the performance optimality, we find that the optimal solutions of many safe RL problems are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Zuxin Liu , Zijian Guo , Zhepeng Cen , Huan Zhang , Jie Tan , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is emerging as a promising method for adaptive robotic motion and complex task automation, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional control methods. However, ensuring safety throughout both the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Seyed Adel Alizadeh Kolagar , Mehdi Heydari Shahna , Jouni Mattila

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be particularly effective in solving complex decision-making problems for a wide range of applications. Safe reinforcement learning refers to a class of constrained problems where the constraint…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Dhruv Singh Kushwaha , Zoleikha Abdollahi Biron