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Cross-chain bridges are essential decentralized applications (DApps) to facilitate interoperability between different blockchain networks. Unlike regular DApps, the functionality of cross-chain bridges relies on the collaboration of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiajing Wu , Kaixin Lin , Dan Lin , Bozhao Zhang , Zhiying Wu , Jianzhong Su

Cross-chain bridges are solutions that enable interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. In contrast to the underlying blockchains, the bridges often provide inferior security guarantees and have been targets of hacks causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jakob Svennevik Notland , Jinguye Li , Mariusz Nowostawski , Peter Halland Haro

Cross-Chain bridges have become the most popular solution to support asset interoperability between heterogeneous blockchains. However, while providing efficient and flexible cross-chain asset transfer, the complex workflow involving both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jiashuo Zhang , Jianbo Gao , Yue Li , Ziming Chen , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

Between 2021 and 2023, crypto assets valued at over \$US2.6 billion were stolen via attacks on "bridges" -- decentralized services designed to allow inter-blockchain exchange. While the individual exploits in each attack vary, a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Enze Liu , Elisa Luo , Jian Chen Yan , Katherine Izhikevich , Stewart Grant , Deian Stefan , Geoffrey M Voelker , Stefan Savage

Blockchain technology has revolutionized industries by enabling secure and decentralized transactions. However, the isolated nature of blockchain ecosystems hinders the seamless transfer of digital assets across different chains.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Nikita Belenkov , Valerian Callens , Alexandr Murashkin , Kacper Bak , Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny , Sung-Shine Lee

Blockchain bridges have become essential infrastructure for enabling interoperability across different blockchain networks, with more than $24B monthly bridge transaction volume. However, their growing adoption has been accompanied by a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Poupak Azad , Jiahua Xu , Yebo Feng , Preston Strowbridge , Cuneyt Akcora

Cross-chain bridges are used to facilitate token and data exchanges across blockchains. Although bridges are becoming increasingly popular, they are still in their infancy and have been attacked multiple times recently, causing significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Mengya Zhang , Xiaokuan Zhang , Josh Barbee , Yinqian Zhang , Zhiqiang Lin

With the increasing popularity of blockchain, different blockchain platforms coexist in the ecosystem (e.g., Ethereum, BNB, EOSIO, etc.), which prompts the high demand for cross-chain communication. Cross-chain bridge is a specific type of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zeqin Liao , Yuhong Nan , Henglong Liang , Sicheng Hao , Juan Zhai , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

As the Web3 ecosystem evolves toward a multi-chain architecture, cross-chain bridges have become critical infrastructure for enabling interoperability between diverse blockchain networks. However, while connecting isolated blockchains, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hanzhong Liang , Yue Duan , Xing Su , Xiao Li , Yating Liu , Yulong Tian , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Cross-chain interoperability is a core component of modern blockchain infrastructure, enabling seamless asset transfers and composable applications across multiple blockchain ecosystems. However, the transparency of cross-chain messages can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Chuanlei Li , Zhicheng Sun , Jing Xin Yuu , Xuechao Wang

Cross-chain bridges play a vital role in enabling blockchain interoperability. However, due to the inherent design flaws and the enormous value they hold, they have become prime targets for hacker attacks. Existing detection methods show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Dan Lin , Shunfeng Lu , Ziyan Liu , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Kaixin Lin , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

Cross-chain bridges, the critical infrastructure of the multi-chain ecosystem, have become a primary target for attackers, resulting in over $2.8 billion in losses due to subtle implementation flaws. Existing defenses, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zijun Feng , Yuming Feng , Yu Wang , Weizhe Zhang , Yuhong Nan , Yuang Liu , Zibin Zheng

The blockchain ecosystem has evolved into a multi-chain world with various blockchains vying for use. Although each blockchain may have its own native cryptocurrency or digital assets, there are use cases to transfer these assets between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Sung-Shine Lee , Alexandr Murashkin , Martin Derka , Jan Gorzny

Intent-based cross-chain bridges have emerged as an alternative to traditional interoperability protocols by allowing off-chain entities (\emph{solvers}) to immediately fulfill users' orders by fronting their own liquidity. While improving…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 André Augusto , Christof Ferreira Torres , André Vasconcelos , Miguel Correia

Modern blockchain ecosystems comprise many heterogeneous networks, creating a growing need for interoperability. Cross-chain bridges provide the core infrastructure for this interoperability by enabling verifiable state transitions that…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yiyue Cao , Mingzhe Zheng , Lin William Cong , Siguang Li , Xuechao Wang

Reentrancy, a notorious vulnerability in smart contracts, has led to millions of dollars in financial loss. However, current smart contract vulnerability detection tools suffer from a high false positive rate in identifying contracts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Shuo Yang , Jiachi Chen , Mingyuan Huang , Zibin Zheng , Yuan Huang

Ethereum's scalability has been a major concern due to its limited transaction throughput and high fees. To address these limitations, Polygon has emerged as a sidechain solution that facilitates asset transfers between Ethereum and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Tao Yan , Chuanshan Huang , Claudio J. Tessone

Decentralized bridge applications are important software that connects various blockchains and facilitates cross-chain asset transfer in the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem which currently operates in a multi-chain environment.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Dan Lin , Jiajing Wu , Yuxin Su , Ziye Zheng , Yuhong Nan , Qinnan Zhang , Bowen Song , Zibin Zheng

Blockchains have seen growing traction with cryptocurrencies reaching a market cap of over 1 trillion dollars, major institution investors taking interests, and global impacts on governments, businesses, and individuals. Also growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tiancheng Xie , Jiaheng Zhang , Zerui Cheng , Fan Zhang , Yupeng Zhang , Yongzheng Jia , Dan Boneh , Dawn Song

The number of blockchain interoperability protocols for transferring data and assets between blockchains has grown significantly. However, no open dataset of cross-chain transactions exists to study interoperability protocols in operation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-19 André Augusto , André Vasconcelos , Miguel Correia , Luyao Zhang
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