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Foundation models excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to specialized applications often requires fine-tuning, an approach that is memory and compute-intensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods mitigate this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Abel Gurung , Joseph Campbell

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a common method for fine-tuning large language models, where a base model can serve multiple users through PEFT module switching. To enhance user experience, base models require periodic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Naibin Gu , Peng Fu , Xiyu Liu , Ke Ma , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods seek to adapt large neural models via updates to a small number of weights. However, much prior interpretability work has shown that representations encode rich semantic information, suggesting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhengxuan Wu , Aryaman Arora , Zheng Wang , Atticus Geiger , Dan Jurafsky , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

This survey delves into the realm of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) within the context of Foundation Models (FMs). PEFT, a cost-effective fine-tuning technique, minimizes parameters and computational complexity while striving for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Lilong Xue , Yuandong Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt pre-trained models to specific tasks using relatively small and domain-specific datasets. Among Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yarui Cao , Kai Liu

As an efficient alternative to conventional full finetuning, parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) is becoming the prevailing method to adapt pretrained language models. In PEFT, a lightweight module is learned on each dataset while the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Jinghan Zhang , Shiqi Chen , Junteng Liu , Junxian He

Existing parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods primarily fall into two categories: addition-based and selective in-situ adaptation. The former, such as LoRA, introduce additional modules to adapt the model to downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zhi Zhang , Yixian Shen , Congfeng Cao , Ekaterina Shutova

The large models, as predicted by scaling raw forecasts, have made groundbreaking progress in many fields, particularly in natural language generation tasks, where they have approached or even surpassed human levels. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Luping Wang , Sheng Chen , Linnan Jiang , Shu Pan , Runze Cai , Sen Yang , Fei Yang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a popular method for tailoring pre-trained large language models (LLMs), especially as the models' scale and the diversity of tasks increase. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is based on the idea that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pengjie Ren , Chengshun Shi , Shiguang Wu , Mengqi Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhumin Chen , Jiahuan Pei

Fine-tuning pre-trained models has recently yielded remarkable performance gains in graph neural networks (GNNs). In addition to pre-training techniques, inspired by the latest work in the natural language fields, more recent work has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Shengrui Li , Xueting Han , Jing Bai

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

As foundation models continue to exponentially scale in size, efficient methods of adaptation become increasingly critical. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), a recent class of techniques that require only modifying a small percentage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 George Pu , Anirudh Jain , Jihan Yin , Russell Kaplan

Efficiently adapting large foundation models is critical, especially with tight compute and memory budgets. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods such as LoRA offer limited granularity and effectiveness in few-parameter regimes. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ahmet Bilican , M. Akın Yılmaz , A. Murat Tekalp , R. Gökberk Cinbiş

Visual Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become a powerful alternative for full fine-tuning so as to adapt pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks, which only tunes a small number of parameters while freezing the vast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Haoyu He , Jianfei Cai , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Bohan Zhuang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods such as \lora{} adapt large pretrained models by adding small weight-space updates. While effective, weight deltas are hard to interpret mechanistically, and they do not directly expose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shervin Ghasemlou

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models has recently demonstrated remarkable achievements, effectively matching the performance of full fine-tuning while utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Baohao Liao , Yan Meng , Christof Monz

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods reduce the computational costs of updating deep learning models by minimizing the number of additional parameters used to adapt a model to a down- stream task. While extensively researched in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Georg Slamanig , Francesco Corti , Olga Saukh

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) that was initially developed for exploiting pre-trained large language models has recently emerged as an effective approach to perform transfer learning on computer vision tasks. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chenyu Lian , Hong-Yu Zhou , Yizhou Yu , Liansheng Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as the predominant technique for fine-tuning in the era of large language models. However, existing PEFT methods still have inadequate training efficiency. Firstly, the utilization of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Naibin Gu , Peng Fu , Xiyu Liu , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, but adapting them efficiently to new domains remains a key challenge. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address this by introducing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Raghav Singhal , Kaustubh Ponkshe , Rohit Vartak , Praneeth Vepakomma
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