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In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng

Despite their exceptional performance in vision tasks, deep learning models often struggle when faced with domain shifts during testing. Test-Time Training (TTT) methods have recently gained popularity by their ability to enhance the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 David Osowiechi , Gustavo A. Vargas Hakim , Mehrdad Noori , Milad Cheraghalikhani , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Ismail Ben Ayed , Christian Desrosiers

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable emergent capabilities through extensive pre-training, they still face critical limitations in generalizing to specialized domains and handling diverse linguistic variations, known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jinwu Hu , Zhitian Zhang , Guohao Chen , Xutao Wen , Chao Shuai , Wei Luo , Bin Xiao , Yuanqing Li , Mingkui Tan

Supervised learning is well-known to fail at generalization under distribution shifts. In typical clinical settings, the source data is inaccessible and the target distribution is represented with a handful of samples: adaptation can only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Mathilde Bateson , Hervé Lombaert , Ismail Ben Ayed

Mainstream test-time adaptation (TTA) techniques endeavor to mitigate distribution shifts via entropy minimization for multi-class classification, inherently increasing the probability of the most confident class. However, when encountering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Xiangyu Wu , Feng Yu , Qing-Guo Chen , Yang Yang , Jianfeng Lu

Both few-shot learning and domain adaptation sub-fields in Computer Vision have seen significant recent progress in terms of the availability of state-of-the-art algorithms and datasets. Frameworks have been developed for each sub-field;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Bharadwaj Ravichandran , Alexander Lynch , Sarah Brockman , Brandon RichardWebster , Dawei Du , Anthony Hoogs , Christopher Funk

In deep learning, mini-batch training is commonly used to optimize network parameters. However, the traditional mini-batch method may not learn the under-represented samples and complex patterns in the data, leading to a longer time for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Subin Sahayam , John Zakkam , Umarani Jayaraman

Deep neural networks often encounter significant performance drops while facing with domain shifts between training (source) and test (target) data. To address this issue, Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods have been proposed to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Yuntao Du , Tao Tan , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

When neural networks are confronted with unfamiliar data that deviate from their training set, this signifies a domain shift. While these networks output predictions on their inputs, they typically fail to account for their level of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Fin Amin , Jung-Eun Kim

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique used to reduce distribution gaps between the training and testing sets by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. In this work, we expand TTA to a more practical scenario, where the test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Chenyan Wu , Yimu Pan , Yandong Li , James Z. Wang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged as a promising solution to address performance decay due to unforeseen distribution shifts between training and test data. While recent TTA methods excel in adapting to test data variations, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Hyejin Park , Jeongyeon Hwang , Sunung Mun , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Recent test-time adaptation methods heavily rely on nuanced adjustments of batch normalization (BN) parameters. However, one critical assumption often goes overlooked: that of independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) test batches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Devavrat Tomar , Guillaume Vray , Jean-Philippe Thiran , Behzad Bozorgtabar

Test-time training (TTT) enhances model performance by explicitly updating designated parameters prior to each prediction to adapt to the test data. While TTT has demonstrated considerable empirical success, its theoretical underpinnings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kento Kuwataka , Taiji Suzuki

Machine learning algorithms have achieved remarkable success across various disciplines, use cases and applications, under the prevailing assumption that training and test samples are drawn from the same distribution. Consequently, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zehao Xiao , Cees G. M. Snoek

Advancements in self-supervised pre-training (SSL) have significantly advanced the field of learning transferable time series representations, which can be very useful in enhancing the downstream task. Despite being effective, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mingyue Cheng , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu , Hao Zhang , Yiheng Chen , Defu Lian

Domain adaptation has been well-studied in supervised neural machine translation (SNMT). However, it has not been well-studied for unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT), although UNMT has recently achieved remarkable results in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Haipeng Sun , Rui Wang , Kehai Chen , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita , Tiejun Zhao , Chenhui Chu

Recent empirical studies have explored the idea of continuing to train a model at test-time for a given task, known as test-time training (TTT), and have found it to yield significant performance improvements. However, there is limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jonas Hübotter , Patrik Wolf , Alexander Shevchenko , Dennis Jüni , Andreas Krause , Gil Kur

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

We study the problem of unsupervised domain adaptation which aims to adapt models trained on a labeled source domain to a completely unlabeled target domain. Recently, the cluster assumption has been applied to unsupervised domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Xudong Mao , Yun Ma , Zhenguo Yang , Yangbin Chen , Qing Li

Meta-learning approaches enable machine learning systems to adapt to new tasks given few examples by leveraging knowledge from related tasks. However, a large number of meta-training tasks are still required for generalization to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Seanie Lee , Bruno Andreis , Kenji Kawaguchi , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang