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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in data synthesis but can be inaccurate in domain-specific tasks, which retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address by leveraging user-provided data. However, RAGs require optimization in both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, in long-context scenarios, they face two challenges: high computational cost and information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiwei Tang , Zhicheng Zhang , Shunlong Wu , Jingheng Ye , Lichen Bai , Zitai Wang , Tingwei Lu , Lin Hai , Yiming Zhao , Hai-Tao Zheng , Hong-Gee Kim

As the length of input text increases, the key-value (KV) cache in LLMs imposes prohibitive GPU memory costs and limits long-context inference on resource constrained devices. Existing approaches, such as KV quantization and pruning, reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Yuning Qiu , Qibin Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial advances in logical reasoning, yet they continue to lag behind human-level performance. In-context learning provides a viable solution that boosts the model's performance via prompting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jianzhi Yan , Le Liu , Buzhou Tang , Yang Xiang , Dongning Sun , Zhiming Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains. However, when handling long-form text modification tasks, they still face two major problems: (1) producing undesired modifications by inappropriately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yuntao Shi , Yi Luo , Yeyun Gong , Chen Lin

Empowering LLMs with the ability to precisely understand long contexts is crucial for many downstream applications. However, handling long contexts with conventional transformer architecture requires substantial training and inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Yutao Sun , Zhichao Duan , Junjie Fang , Rong Han , Zixuan Wang , Jianyong Wang

Community Question Answering (CQA) becomes increasingly prevalent in recent years. However, there are a large number of answers, which is difficult for users to select the relevant answers. Therefore, answer selection is a very significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xinghang Hu

Ambiguous words or underspecified references require interlocutors to resolve them, often by relying on shared context and commonsense knowledge. Therefore, we systematically investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Lukas Ellinger , Georg Groh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet they still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning, a challenge fundamentally rooted in deep structural dependencies. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lei Zan , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai , Lujia Pan

Math Word Problems (MWPs) play a vital role in assessing the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current research primarily focuses on questions with concise contexts. The impact of longer contexts on mathematical reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Xin Xu , Tong Xiao , Zitong Chao , Zhenya Huang , Can Yang , Yang Wang

Due to their ability to process long and complex contexts, LLMs can offer key benefits to the Legal domain, but their adoption has been hindered by their tendency to generate unfaithful, ungrounded, or hallucinatory outputs. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh T. Y. S. S , Youssef Tarek Elkhayat , Oana Ichim , Pranav Shetty , Dongsheng Wang , Zhiqiang Ma , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Long-context modeling is becoming a core capability of modern large vision-language models (LVLMs), enabling sustained context management across long-document understanding, video analysis, and multi-turn tool use in agentic workflows. Yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zhaowei Wang , Lishu Luo , Haodong Duan , Weiwei Liu , Sijin Wu , Ji Luo , Shen Yan , Shuai Peng , Sihang Yuan , Chaoyi Huang , Yi Lin , Yangqiu Song

Translating conversational text, particularly in customer support contexts, presents unique challenges due to its informal and unstructured nature. We propose a context-aware LLM translation system that leverages conversation summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Mingi Sung , Seungmin Lee , Jiwon Kim , Sejoon Kim

Omni Large Language Models (Omni-LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in holistic multi-modal perception, yet they consistently falter in complex scenarios requiring synergistic omni-modal reasoning. Beyond understanding global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hongcheng Liu , Yuhao Wang , Zhe Chen , Pingjie Wang , Zhiyuan Zhu , Yixuan Hou , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Efficient long-context LLM deployment is stalled by a dichotomy between amortized compression, which struggles with out-of-distribution generalization, and Test-Time Training, which incurs prohibitive synthetic data costs and requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zeju Li , Yizhou Zhou , Qiang Xu

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

Applying existing question answering (QA) systems to specialized domains like law and finance presents challenges that necessitate domain expertise. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive language comprehension and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vaibhav Mavi , Abulhair Saparov , Chen Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) were used to assist four Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) researchers to perform systematic literature reviews (SLR). We evaluate the performance of LLMs for SLR tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Lachlan McGinness , Peter Baumgartner

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated sophisticated capabilities, including the ability to process and comprehend extended contexts. These emergent capabilities necessitate rigorous evaluation methods to…