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Malicious examples are crucial for evaluating the robustness of machine learning algorithms under attack, particularly in Industrial Control Systems (ICS). However, collecting normal and attack data in ICS environments is challenging due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in accelerating digital hardware design through automated code generation. Yet, ensuring their reliability remains a critical challenge, as existing LLMs trained on massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Yiwen Liang , Qiufeng Li , Shikai Wang , Weidong Cao

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising solutions to automated code generation, they often produce insecure code that threatens software security. Current approaches (e.g., SafeCoder) to improve secure code generation are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Junjie Li , Fazle Rabbi , Bo Yang , Song Wang , Jinqiu Yang

Software vulnerabilities, caused by unintentional flaws in source code, are a primary root cause of cyberattacks. Static analysis of source code has been widely used to detect these unintentional defects introduced by software developers.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Andrew A Mahyari

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely deployed in coding tasks, drawing increasing attention to the evaluation of the quality and safety of LLMs' outputs. However, research on bias in code generation remains limited. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yongkang Du , Jen-tse Huang , Jieyu Zhao , Lu Lin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code-related tasks, such as code generation and automated program repair. Despite their promising performance, most existing approaches for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yicong Zhao , Shisong Chen , Jiacheng Zhang , Zhixu Li

Robustness is a critical factor for reliable code generation by large language models, yet most evaluations focus on correctness and overlook key issues such as missing input validation and inadequate error handling. In this work, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zike Li , Mingwei Liu , Anji Li , Kaifeng He , Yanlin Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in code generation, but their adherence to fine-grained user intent with multiple constraints remains a significant challenge. Our empirical analysis reveals two key observations:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zheng Fang , Yihong Dong , Lili Mou , Dongming Jin , Zhi Jin , Ge Li

The growing trend of vulnerability issues in software development as a result of a large dependence on open-source projects has received considerable attention recently. This paper investigates the effectiveness of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shaznin Sultana , Sadia Afreen , Nasir U. Eisty

Codex, a large language model (LLM) trained on a variety of codebases, exceeds the previous state of the art in its capacity to synthesize and generate code. Although Codex provides a plethora of benefits, models that may generate code on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Heidy Khlaaf , Pamela Mishkin , Joshua Achiam , Gretchen Krueger , Miles Brundage

Command injection vulnerabilities are a significant security threat in dynamic languages like Python, particularly in widely used open-source projects where security issues can have extensive impact. With the proven effectiveness of Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yuxuan Wang , Jingshu Chen , Qingyang Wang

This study presents a comprehensive empirical evaluation of six state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for code generation, including both general-purpose and code-specialized models. Using a dataset of 944 real-world LeetCode…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Le Zhang , Suresh Kothari

Large language models (LLMs) employ safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, yet these defenses primarily rely on semantic pattern matching. We show that encoding harmful prompts as coherent mathematical problems -- using formalisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haoyu Zhang , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Over the past few years, improving LLM code generation capabilities has been a key focus in NLP research. Despite Bengali having 242 million native speakers worldwide, it receives little attention when it comes to training LLMs. More…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sajed Jalil , Shuvo Saha , Hossain Mohammad Seym

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at general code generation, but their performance drops sharply in enterprise settings that rely on internal private libraries absent from public pre-training corpora. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mofei Li , Taozhi Chen , Guowei Yang , Jia Li

This study evaluates the security of web application code generated by Large Language Models, analyzing 2,500 GPT-4 generated PHP websites. These were deployed in Docker containers and tested for vulnerabilities using a hybrid approach of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Rebeka Tóth , Tamas Bisztray , László Erdodi

Recently, the large language models (LLMs) have shown extraordinary ability in understanding natural language and generating programming code. It has been a common practice of software engineers to consult LLMs when encountering coding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Li Zhong , Zilong Wang

Ensuring robust safety measures across a wide range of scenarios is crucial for user-facing systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate valuable data for safety measures, they often exhibit distributional biases, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential for code generation, yet they remain limited in private-library-oriented code generation, where the goal is to generate code using APIs from private libraries. Existing approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yitong Zhang , Chengze Li , Ruize Chen , Guowei Yang , Xiaoran Jia , Yijie Ren , Jia Li