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Item Response Theory (IRT) models aim to assess latent abilities of $n$ examinees along with latent difficulty characteristics of $m$ test items from categorical data that indicates the quality of their corresponding answers. Classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Susanne Frick , Amer Krivošija , Alexander Munteanu

Item Response Theory (IRT) aims to assess latent abilities of respondents based on the correctness of their answers in aptitude test items with different difficulty levels. In this paper, we propose the $\beta^3$-IRT model, which models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-04 Yu Chen , Telmo Silva Filho , Ricardo B. C. Prudêncio , Tom Diethe , Peter Flach

This paper presents a machine learning approach to multidimensional item response theory (MIRT), a class of latent factor models that can be used to model and predict student performance from observed assessment data. Inspired by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-08 Yoav Bergner , Peter F. Halpin , Jill-Jênn Vie

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a ubiquitous model for understanding human behaviors and attitudes based on their responses to questions. Large modern datasets offer opportunities to capture more nuances in human behavior, potentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Mike Wu , Richard L. Davis , Benjamin W. Domingue , Chris Piech , Noah Goodman

We propose a class of Item Response Theory models for items with ordinal polytomous responses, which extends an existing class of multidimensional models for dichotomously-scored items measuring more than one latent trait. In the proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-24 Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci , Michela Gnaldi

Item response theory (IRT) has become one of the most popular statistical models for psychometrics, a field of study concerned with the theory and techniques of psychological measurement. The IRT models are latent factor models tailored to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-20 Yunxiao Chen , Xiaoou Li , Jingchen Liu , Zhiliang Ying

Item Response Theory (IRT) is a ubiquitous model for understanding humans based on their responses to questions, used in fields as diverse as education, medicine and psychology. Large modern datasets offer opportunities to capture more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Mike Wu , Richard L. Davis , Benjamin W. Domingue , Chris Piech , Noah Goodman

Item response theory (IRT) models for categorical response data are widely used in the analysis of educational data, computerized adaptive testing, and psychological surveys. However, most IRT models rely on both the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-14 Ryan Ning , Andrew E. Waters , Christoph Studer , Richard G. Baraniuk

Item response theory (IRT) is a class of interpretable factor models that are widely used in computerized adaptive tests (CATs), such as language proficiency tests. Traditionally, these are fit using parametric mixed effects models on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 James Sharpnack , Phoebe Mulcaire , Klinton Bicknell , Geoff LaFlair , Kevin Yancey

In this article, we propose a novel probabilistic framework to improve the accuracy of a weighted majority voting algorithm. In order to assign higher weights to the classifiers which can correctly classify hard-to-classify instances, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-13 Ziheng Chen , Hongshik Ahn

This paper introduces a flexible Bayesian nonparametric Item Response Theory (IRT) model, which applies to dichotomous or polytomous item responses, and which can apply to either unidimensional or multidimensional scaling. This is an…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-12 George Karabatsos

It is reasonable to consider, in many cases, that individuals' latent traits have a hierarchical structure such that more general traits are a suitable composition of more specific ones. Existing item response models that account for such…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-28 Juliane Venturelli S. L. , Flavio B. Gonçalves , Dalton F. Andrade

Measurement bridges theory and empirics. Without measures that appropriately capture theoretical concepts, description will fail to represent reality and true causal inference will be impossible. Yet, the social sciences traffic in complex…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-29 Marco Morucci , Margaret Foster , Kaitlyn Webster , So Jin Lee , David Siegel

Robust validation of Machine Learning (ML) models is essential, but traditional data partitioning approaches often ignore the intrinsic quality of each instance. This study proposes the use of Item Response Theory (IRT) parameters to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Lucas Cardoso , Vitor Santos , José Ribeiro Filho , Ricardo Prudêncio , Regiane Kawasaki , Ronnie Alves

This paper is concerned with the nonparametric item response theory (NIRT) for estimating item characteristic curves (ICCs) and latent abilities of examinees on educational and psychological tests. In contrast to parametric models, NIRT…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-26 Toshiki Sato , Yuichi Takano

Item Response Theory (IRT) models have received growing interest in health science for analyzing latent constructs such as depression, anxiety, quality of life, or cognitive functioning from the information provided by each individual's…

Item Response Theory (IRT) has been proposed within the field of Educational Psychometrics to assess student ability as well as test question difficulty and discrimination power. More recently, IRT has been applied to evaluate machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-01 Sevvandi Kandanaarachchi , Kate Smith-Miles

Item response theory (IRT) models explain an observed item response as a function of a respondent's latent trait and the item's property. IRT is one of the most widely utilized tools for item response analysis; however, local item and…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-08 Ick Hoon Jin , Minjeong Jeon

Despite the availability of benchmark machine learning (ML) repositories (e.g., UCI, OpenML), there is no standard evaluation strategy yet capable of pointing out which is the best set of datasets to serve as gold standard to test different…

Traditional methods for determining assessment item parameters, such as difficulty and discrimination, rely heavily on expensive field testing to collect student performance data for Item Response Theory (IRT) calibration. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Christopher Ormerod
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