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Score-based generative models (SGMs) have recently demonstrated impressive results in terms of both sample quality and distribution coverage. However, they are usually applied directly in data space and often require thousands of network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-03 Arash Vahdat , Karsten Kreis , Jan Kautz

Score estimation is the backbone of score-based generative models (SGMs), especially denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). A key result in this area shows that with accurate score estimates, SGMs can efficiently generate samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Sinho Chewi , Alkis Kalavasis , Anay Mehrotra , Omar Montasser

The explicit incorporation of task-specific inductive biases through symmetry has emerged as a general design precept in the development of high-performance machine learning models. For example, group equivariant neural networks have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Mircea Petrache , Shubhendu Trivedi

Score-based graph generative models (SGGMs) have proven effective in critical applications such as drug discovery and protein synthesis. However, their theoretical behavior, particularly regarding convergence, remains underexplored. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Despite the remarkable empirical success of score-based diffusion models, their statistical guarantees remain underdeveloped. Existing analyses often provide pessimistic convergence rates that do not reflect the intrinsic low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Saptarshi Chakraborty , Quentin Berthet , Peter L. Bartlett

This work is about understanding the impact of invariance and equivariance on generalisation in supervised learning. We use the perspective afforded by an averaging operator to show that for any predictor that is not equivariant, there is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Hayder Elesedy

We present a novel method for training score-based generative models which uses nonlinear noising dynamics to improve learning of structured distributions. Generalizing to a nonlinear drift allows for additional structure to be incorporated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-10 Jeremiah Birrell , Markos A. Katsoulakis , Luc Rey-Bellet , Benjamin J. Zhang , Wei Zhu

Correctly capturing the symmetry transformations of data can lead to efficient models with strong generalization capabilities, though methods incorporating symmetries often require prior knowledge. While recent advancements have been made…

We investigate the generalization error of group-invariant neural networks within the Barron framework. Our analysis shows that incorporating group-invariant structures introduces a group-dependent factor $\delta_{G,\Gamma,\sigma} \le 1$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yahong Yang , Wei Zhu

The incorporation of generative models as regularisers within variational formulations for inverse problems has proven effective across numerous image reconstruction tasks. However, the resulting optimisation problem is often non-convex and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Pascal Fernsel , Željko Kereta , Alexander Denker

In practical compressed sensing (CS), the obtained measurements typically necessitate quantization to a limited number of bits prior to transmission or storage. This nonlinear quantization process poses significant recovery challenges,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Xiangming Meng , Yoshiyuki Kabashima

Score-based Generative Models (SGMs) aim to sample from a target distribution by learning score functions using samples perturbed by Gaussian noise. Existing convergence bounds for SGMs in the W2-distance rely on stringent assumptions about…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-12 Marta Gentiloni-Silveri , Antonio Ocello

Diffusion models now generate high-quality, diverse samples, with an increasing focus on more powerful models. Although ensembling is a well-known way to improve supervised models, its application to unconditional score-based diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Raphaël Razafindralambo , Rémy Sun , Frédéric Precioso , Damien Garreau , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

While the manifold hypothesis is widely adopted in modern machine learning, complex data is often better modeled as stratified spaces -- unions of manifolds (strata) of varying dimensions. Stratified learning is challenging due to varying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-14 Randy Martinez , Rong Tang , Lizhen Lin

A valuable step in the modeling of multiscale dynamical systems in fields such as computational chemistry, biology, materials science and more, is the representative sampling of the phase space over long timescales of interest; this task is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Ellis R. Crabtree , Juan M. Bello-Rivas , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

Score-based generative models (SGMs) are a recent breakthrough in generating fake images. SGMs are known to surpass other generative models, e.g., generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs). Being inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Jayoung Kim , Chaejeong Lee , Yehjin Shin , Sewon Park , Minjung Kim , Noseong Park , Jihoon Cho

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Unsupervised skill discovery aims to acquire behavior primitives that improve exploration and accelerate downstream task learning. However, existing approaches often ignore the geometric symmetries of physical environments, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junwoo Chang , Joseph Park , Roberto Horowitz , Jongmin Lee , Jongeun Choi

We establish minimax convergence rates for score-based generative models (SGMs) under the $1$-Wasserstein distance. Assuming the target density $p^\star$ lies in a nonparametric $\beta$-smooth H\"older class with either compact support or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Arthur Stéphanovitch , Eddie Aamari , Clément Levrard

Exploiting symmetry in dynamical systems is a powerful way to improve the generalization of deep learning. The model learns to be invariant to transformation and hence is more robust to distribution shift. Data augmentation and equivariant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Rui Wang , Robin Walters , Rose Yu