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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made remarkable strides; however, they remain susceptible to vulnerabilities, particularly in the face of minor image perturbations that humans can easily recognize. This weakness, often termed as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Akshay Jain , Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , KC Santosh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

As AI-generated synthetic images become increasingly realistic, Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as a cornerstone of modern deepfake detection. However, the prevailing reliance on frozen, pre-trained backbones introduces a subtle yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chiara Musso , Joy Battocchio , Andrea Montibeller , Giulia Boato

Deep learning models are widely deployed in various applications but remain vulnerable to stealthy adversarial threats, particularly backdoor attacks. Backdoor models trained on poisoned datasets behave normally with clean inputs but cause…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengrui Sun , Hua Zhang , Haoran Gao , Shang Wang , Zian Tian , Jianjin Zhao , Qi Li , Hongliang Zhu , Zongliang Shen , Anmin Fu

Our goal is to understand how post-training methods, such as fine-tuning, alignment, and unlearning, modify language model behavior and representations. We are particularly interested in the brittle nature of these modifications that makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Timothy Qian , Vinith Suriyakumar , Ashia Wilson , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various applications; however, their vulnerability to backdoor attacks poses severe security risks -- especially in situations where only a limited set of clean samples is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Nay Myat Min , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

Backdoor attacks on deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a significant security threat, allowing adversaries to implant hidden malicious behaviors during the model training phase. Pre-processing-based defense, which is one of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yukun Chen , Shuo Shao , Enhao Huang , Yiming Li , Pin-Yu Chen , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Ensemble-based attacks have been proven to be effective in enhancing adversarial transferability by aggregating the outputs of models with various architectures. However, existing research primarily focuses on refining ensemble weights or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hanwen Cao , Haobo Lu , Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have shown remarkable performance and scalability across various computer vision tasks. To apply single-scale ViTs to image segmentation, existing methods adopt a convolutional adapter to generate multi-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Tommie Kerssies , Niccolò Cavagnero , Alexander Hermans , Narges Norouzi , Giuseppe Averta , Bastian Leibe , Gijs Dubbelman , Daan de Geus

Unlearnable examples (UEs) seek to maximize testing error by making subtle modifications to training examples that are correctly labeled. Defenses against these poisoning attacks can be categorized based on whether specific interventions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yi Yu , Yufei Wang , Song Xia , Wenhan Yang , Shijian Lu , Yap-Peng Tan , Alex C. Kot

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

Deep neural networks (DNNs) provide excellent performance across a wide range of classification tasks, but their training requires high computational resources and is often outsourced to third parties. Recent work has shown that outsourced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Kang Liu , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt , Siddharth Garg

Although Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), such as the convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), have been successfully applied in the field of computer vision, they are demonstrated to be vulnerable to well-sought…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Fahad Alrasheedi , Xin Zhong

Vision Transformers (ViTs) are normally regarded as a stack of transformer layers. In this work, we propose a novel view of ViTs showing that they can be seen as ensemble networks containing multiple parallel paths with different lengths.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Shuning Chang , Pichao Wang , Hao Luo , Fan Wang , Mike Zheng Shou

Studies have proven that domain bias and label bias exist in different Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets, making it hard to improve the performance of a specific dataset by adding other datasets. For the FER bias issue, recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Shuyi Mao , Xinpeng Li , Qingyang Wu , Xiaojiang Peng

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in computer vision tasks, yet their high computational complexity prevents their deployment in computing resource-constrained environments. Various token pruning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Xuwei Xu , Changlin Li , Yudong Chen , Xiaojun Chang , Jiajun Liu , Sen Wang

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are widely employed to detect and mitigate external network security events. Vehicle ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) continue to evolve, especially with developments related to Connected Autonomous Vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Shakil Ibne Ahsan , Phil Legg , S M Iftekharul Alam

In this paper, we focus on addressing the challenges of detecting malicious attacks in networks by designing an advanced Explainable Intrusion Detection System (xIDS). The existing machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Adil , Mian Ahmad Jan , Safayat Bin Hakim , Houbing Herbert Song , Zhanpeng Jin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attack, which does not affect the network's performance on clean data but would manipulate the network behavior once a trigger pattern is added. Existing defense methods have greatly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Min Liu , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Xiangyu Yue

Vision transformers (ViT) have demonstrated impressive performance across various machine vision problems. These models are based on multi-head self-attention mechanisms that can flexibly attend to a sequence of image patches to encode…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Muzammal Naseer , Kanchana Ranasinghe , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) remain a cornerstone of generative computer vision, yet their training is often plagued by artifacts that degrade reconstruction and generation quality. This paper introduces VIVAT, a systematic approach to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Lev Novitskiy , Viacheslav Vasilev , Maria Kovaleva , Vladimir Arkhipkin , Denis Dimitrov
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