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The problem of fully supervised classification is that it requires a tremendous amount of annotated data, however, in many datasets a large portion of data is unlabeled. To alleviate this problem semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ehsan Kazemi

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an emerging paradigm that exploits supervisory signals generated from the data itself, and many recent studies have leveraged SSL to conduct graph anomaly detection. However, we empirically found that three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhong Li , Yuhang Wang , Matthijs van Leeuwen

The pretrained large language models (LLMs) are finetuned with labeled data for better instruction following ability and alignment with human values. In this paper, we study the learning dynamics of LLM finetuning on reasoning tasks and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zhiwen Ruan , Yun Chen , Yutao Hou , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

State-of-the-art deep learning models are often trained with a large amount of costly labeled training data. However, requiring exhaustive manual annotations may degrade the model's generalizability in the limited-label regime.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Yanbei Chen , Massimiliano Mancini , Xiatian Zhu , Zeynep Akata

Beyond attaining domain generalization (DG), visual recognition models should also be data-efficient during learning by leveraging limited labels. We study the problem of Semi-Supervised Domain Generalization (SSDG) which is crucial for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Adnan Khan , Mai A. Shaaban , Muhammad Haris Khan

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted much attention since it reduces the expensive costs of collecting adequate well-labeled training data, especially for deep learning methods. However, traditional SSL is built upon an assumption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Lie Ju , Yicheng Wu , Wei Feng , Zhen Yu , Lin Wang , Zhuoting Zhu , Zongyuan Ge

Effective suppression of surface-related multiples is essential to prevent imaging artifacts and erroneous structural interpretations. While conventional approaches rely on accurate priors or subsurface model knowledge, and supervised…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-01 Huan Song , Shijun Cheng , Huanhuan Tang , Wei Ouyang , Weijian Mao

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is an increasingly popular ML paradigm that trains models to transform complex inputs into representations without relying on explicit labels. These representations encode similarity structures that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Adam Dziedzic , Nikita Dhawan , Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem , Jonas Guan , Nicolas Papernot

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become the de facto training paradigm of large models where pre-training is followed by supervised fine-tuning using domain-specific data and labels. Hypothesizing that SSL models would learn more generic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Sofia Yfantidou , Dimitris Spathis , Marios Constantinides , Athena Vakali , Daniele Quercia , Fahim Kawsar

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Avital Oliver , Augustus Odena , Colin Raffel , Ekin D. Cubuk , Ian J. Goodfellow

Recent work on studying memorization in self-supervised learning (SSL) suggests that even though SSL encoders are trained on millions of images, they still memorize individual data points. While effort has been put into characterizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenhao Wang , Adam Dziedzic , Michael Backes , Franziska Boenisch

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), models are typically pretrained, fine-tuned, and evaluated on the same domains. However, they tend to perform poorly when evaluated on unseen domains, a challenge that Unsupervised Domain Generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Marin Scalbert , Maria Vakalopoulou , Florent Couzinié-Devy

Linear probing (LP) (and $k$-NN) on the upstream dataset with labels (e.g., ImageNet) and transfer learning (TL) to various downstream datasets are commonly employed to evaluate the quality of visual representations learned via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Jae-Hun Lee , Doyoung Yoon , ByeongMoon Ji , Kyungyul Kim , Sangheum Hwang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms can produce useful image representations by learning to associate different parts of natural images with one another. However, when taken to the extreme, SSL models can unintendedly memorize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Casey Meehan , Florian Bordes , Pascal Vincent , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Chuan Guo

Despite the empirical successes of self-supervised learning (SSL) methods, it is unclear what characteristics of their representations lead to high downstream accuracies. In this work, we characterize properties that SSL representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Yann Dubois , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Stefano Ermon , Percy Liang

Deep supervised learning algorithms typically require a large volume of labeled data to achieve satisfactory performance. However, the process of collecting and labeling such data can be expensive and time-consuming. Self-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jie Gui , Tuo Chen , Jing Zhang , Qiong Cao , Zhenan Sun , Hao Luo , Dacheng Tao

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has become a popular method for generating invariant representations without the need for human annotations. Nonetheless, the desired invariant representation is achieved by utilising prior online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Foivos Ntelemis , Yaochu Jin , Spencer A. Thomas

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) uses unlabeled data during training to learn better models. Previous studies on SSL for medical image segmentation focused mostly on improving model generalization to unseen data. In some applications,…

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has empirically shown its data representation learnability in many downstream tasks. There are only a few theoretical works on data representation learnability, and many of those focus on final data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Ruofeng Yang , Xiangyuan Li , Bo Jiang , Shuai Li

Many self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have been successful in learning semantically meaningful visual representations by solving pretext tasks. However, prior work in SSL focuses on tasks like object recognition or detection, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Donghyun Kim , Kuniaki Saito , Samarth Mishra , Stan Sclaroff , Kate Saenko , Bryan A Plummer