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Pre-trained language models have demonstrated superior performance in various natural language processing tasks. However, these models usually contain hundreds of millions of parameters, which limits their practicality because of latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Simiao Zuo , Qingru Zhang , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Tuo Zhao , Weizhu Chen

Recent deep-learning models have achieved impressive prediction performance, but often sacrifice interpretability and computational efficiency. Interpretability is crucial in many disciplines, such as science and medicine, where models must…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-27 Wooseok Ha , Chandan Singh , Francois Lanusse , Srigokul Upadhyayula , Bin Yu

Fine-tuning large pre-trained language models with Evol-Instruct has achieved encouraging results across a wide range of tasks. However, designing effective evolving methods for instruction evolution requires substantial human expertise.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Weihao Zeng , Can Xu , Yingxiu Zhao , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in information acquisition. However, their overreliance on potentially flawed parametric knowledge leads to hallucinations and inaccuracies, particularly when handling long-tail,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Kaize Shi , Xueyao Sun , Qing Li , Guandong Xu

Deep Neural Networks have achieved huge success at a wide spectrum of applications from language modeling, computer vision to speech recognition. However, nowadays, good performance alone is not sufficient to satisfy the needs of practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Xuan Liu , Xiaoguang Wang , Stan Matwin

Dynamically integrating new or rapidly evolving information after (Large) Language Model pre-training remains challenging, particularly in low-data scenarios or when dealing with private and specialized documents. In-context learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Lucas Caccia , Alan Ansell , Edoardo Ponti , Ivan Vulić , Alessandro Sordoni

Large-scale language models have recently demonstrated impressive empirical performance. Nevertheless, the improved results are attained at the price of bigger models, more power consumption, and slower inference, which hinder their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Kevin J Liang , Weituo Hao , Dinghan Shen , Yufan Zhou , Weizhu Chen , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate remarkable zero-shot generalization to unseen tasks, but fall short of the performance of supervised methods in generalizing to downstream tasks with limited data. Prompt learning is emerging as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Marco Mistretta , Alberto Baldrati , Marco Bertini , Andrew D. Bagdanov

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing large-scale language models (LLMs), yet prevailing logit-based methods typically employ static strategies that are misaligned with the dynamic learning process of student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xurong Xie , Zhucun Xue , Jiafu Wu , Jian Li , Yabiao Wang , Xiaobin Hu , Yong Liu , Jiangning Zhang

Many program synthesis tasks prove too challenging for even state-of-the-art language models to solve in single attempts. Search-based evolutionary methods offer a promising alternative by exploring solution spaces iteratively, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Julien Pourcel , Cédric Colas , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Long-term memory is essential for LLM agents that operate across multiple sessions, yet existing memory systems treat retrieval infrastructure as fixed: stored content evolves while scoring functions, fusion strategies, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiaqi Liu , Xinyu Ye , Peng Xia , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to set new standards in knowledge-intensive and complex reasoning tasks, yet their high computational demands limit widespread adoption. While distilling large models into smaller ones offers a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Xiaofeng Zhou , Heyan Huang , Lizi Liao

Knowledge retrieval with multi-modal queries plays a crucial role in supporting knowledge-intensive multi-modal applications. However, existing methods face challenges in terms of their effectiveness and training efficiency, especially when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinwei Long , Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Zhiyuan Ma , Kaiyan Zhang , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Self-Refinement refers to a model's ability to revise its own responses to produce improved outputs. This capability can also serve as a fundamental mechanism for Self-Improvement, for example, by reconstructing datasets with refined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yongcheng Zeng , Xinyu Cui , Xuanfa Jin , Qirui Mi , Guoqing Liu , Zexu Sun , Mengyue Yang , Dong Li , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Jian Zhao , Jianye Hao , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Human preference alignment can greatly enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), but collecting high-quality preference data is costly. A promising solution is the self-evolution strategy, where models are iteratively trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Wentao Tan , Qiong Cao , Yibing Zhan , Chao Xue , Changxing Ding

Convolutional neural networks have been widely deployed in various application scenarios. In order to extend the applications' boundaries to some accuracy-crucial domains, researchers have been investigating approaches to boost accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Linfeng Zhang , Jiebo Song , Anni Gao , Jingwei Chen , Chenglong Bao , Kaisheng Ma

We introduce a novel approach to large language model (LLM) distillation by formulating it as a constrained reinforcement learning problem. While recent work has begun exploring the integration of task-specific rewards into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthieu Zimmer , Xiaotong Ji , Tu Nguyen , Haitham Bou Ammar

Distilling the thinking traces of a Large Language Model (LLM) with reasoning capabilities into a smaller model has been proven effective. Yet, there is a scarcity of work done on how model performances scale with the quantity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Muyu He , Muhammad Ali Shafique , Anand Kumar , Tsach Mackey , Nazneen Rajani

Top-performing machine learning systems, such as deep neural networks, large ensembles and complex probabilistic graphical models, can be expensive to store, slow to evaluate and hard to integrate into larger systems. Ideally, we would like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-09 George Papamakarios

Neural machine translation (NMT) offers a novel alternative formulation of translation that is potentially simpler than statistical approaches. However to reach competitive performance, NMT models need to be exceedingly large. In this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Yoon Kim , Alexander M. Rush