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Deep learning (DL) compilers rely on cost models and auto-tuning to optimize tensor programs for target hardware. However, existing approaches depend on large offline datasets, incurring high collection costs and offering suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chaoyao Shen , Linfeng Jiang , Yixian Shen , Tao Xu , Guoqing Li , Anuj Pathania , Andy D. Pimentel , Meng Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Nonetheless, it is challenging to deploy and fine-tune LLMs on mobile edge devices with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yuhao Chen , Yuxuan Yan , Qianqian Yang , Yuanchao Shu , Shibo He , Jiming Chen

Decentralized LLM inference distributes computation among heterogeneous nodes across the internet, offering a performant and cost-efficient solution, alternative to traditional centralized inference. However, the low cross-node network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jiu Chen , Shuangyan Yang , Xu Xiong , Hexiao Duan , Xinran Zhang , Jie Ren , Dong Li

Deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on edge devices remains challenging due to their substantial computational and memory demands, which exceed the capabilities of resource-constrained embedded platforms. Conversely, fully offloading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Cyril Shih-Huan Hsu , Wig Yuan-Cheng Cheng , Chrysa Papagianni

Large Language Model (LLM) inference services demand exceptionally high availability and low latency, yet multi-GPU Tensor Parallelism (TP) makes them vulnerable to single-GPU failures. We present AnchorTP, a state-preserving elastic TP…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Wendong Xu , Chujie Chen , He Xiao , Kuan Li , Jing Xiong , Chen Zhang , Wenyong Zhou , Chaofan Tao , Yang Bai , Bei Yu , Ngai Wong

Prevailing LLM serving engines employ expert parallelism (EP) to implement multi-device inference of massive MoE models. However, the efficiency of expert parallel inference is largely bounded by inter-device communication, as EP embraces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yan Li , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhengang Wang , Pengfei Chen , Pengfei Zheng

In this paper, we propose LoopLynx, a scalable dataflow architecture for efficient LLM inference that optimizes FPGA usage through a hybrid spatial-temporal design. The design of LoopLynx incorporates a hybrid temporal-spatial architecture,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jianing Zheng , Gang Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary performance across a broad array of applications, from traditional language processing tasks to interpreting structured sequences like time-series data. Yet, their effectiveness…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Shuhao Zhang , Xianzhi Zeng , Yuhao Wu , Zhonghao Yang

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile devices increasingly relies on heterogeneous execution, yet no prior study has systematically characterized NPU effectiveness at the operator and pipeline level. We present the first…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pu Li , Jiawen Qi , Qinyu Chen

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their enormous memory footprints, low arithmetic intensity, and stringent latency requirements, particularly during the autoregressive decoding stage.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Lingkun Long , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Ao Zhou , Xueyan Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have inspired new studies in myriad edge applications with robots, autonomous agents, and Internet-of-things (IoT) devices. However, performing inference of DNNs in the edge is still a severe challenge, mainly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-18 Ramyad Hadidi , Bahar Asgari , Jiashen Cao , Younmin Bae , Da Eun Shim , Hyojong Kim , Sung-Kyu Lim , Michael S. Ryoo , Hyesoon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have surged in popularity and are extensively used in commercial applications, where the efficiency of model serving is crucial for the user experience. Most current research focuses on optimizing individual…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yuhang Yao , Han Jin , Alay Dilipbhai Shah , Shanshan Han , Zijian Hu , Yide Ran , Dimitris Stripelis , Zhaozhuo Xu , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Low-latency decoding for large language models (LLMs) is crucial for applications like chatbots and code assistants, yet generating long outputs remains slow in single-query settings. Prior work on speculative decoding (which combines a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ziyi Zhang , Ziheng Jiang , Chengquan Jiang , Menghan Yu , Size Zheng , Haibin Lin , Henry Hoffmann , Xin Liu

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

Contextual Artificial Intelligence (AI) based on emerging Transformer models is predicted to drive the next technology revolution in interactive wearable devices such as new-generation smart glasses. By coupling numerous sensors with small,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Severin Bochem , Victor J. B. Jung , Arpan Prasad , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on mobile devices is an emerging trend to enable data privacy and offline accessibility of LLM applications. Modern mobile neural processing units (NPUs) make such deployment increasingly feasible.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Yongsheng Yan , Jiacheng Shen , Xuchuan Luo , Yangfan Zhou

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) has shifted a substantial portion of inference workloads into throughput-oriented offline regimes, where fully utilizing GPU compute requires large batch sizes. However, existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Alan Zhao , Cyril Y. He

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Deploying large language models (LLMs) on edge platforms is challenged by their high computational and memory demands. Although recent low-bit quantization methods (e.g., BitNet, DeepSeek) compress weights to as little as 1.58 bits with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ye Qiao , Zhiheng Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yian Wang , Sitao Huang

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu