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Many social science questions ask how linguistic properties causally affect an audience's attitudes and behaviors. Because text properties are often interlinked (e.g., angry reviews use profane language), we must control for possible latent…

Growing applications of large language models (LLMs) trained by a third party raise serious concerns on the security vulnerability of LLMs.It has been demonstrated that malicious actors can covertly exploit these vulnerabilities in LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Shuli Jiang , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yi Zhou , Ling Cai , Nathalie Baracaldo

The generation of toxic content by large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge for the safe deployment of language technology. We propose a novel framework for implicit knowledge editing and controlled text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Tassilo Klein , Moin Nabi

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity due to their ability to perform a wide array of natural language tasks. Text-based content moderation is one LLM use case that has received recent enthusiasm, however, there is little…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Deepak Kumar , Yousef AbuHashem , Zakir Durumeric

Discriminative pre-trained language models (PLMs) learn to predict original texts from intentionally corrupted ones. Taking the former text as positive and the latter as negative samples, the PLM can be trained effectively for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have led to the development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. This paper proposes a methodology for developing and evaluating ChatGPT detectors for French text, with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Wissam Antoun , Virginie Mouilleron , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah

Large language models (LLMs) are now deployed at unprecedented scale, assisting millions of users in daily tasks. However, the risk of these models assisting unlawful activities remains underexplored. In this study, we define this high-risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xing Wang , Huiyuan Xie , Yiyan Wang , Chaojun Xiao , Huimin Chen , Holli Sargeant , Felix Steffek , Jie Shao , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) offer promising opportunities for organizational research. However, their built-in moderation systems can create problems when researchers try to analyze harmful content, often refusing to follow certain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Mustafa Akben , Aaron Satko

Despite the widespread adoption, there is a lack of research into how various critical aspects of pretrained language models (PLMs) affect their performance in hate speech detection. Through five research questions, our findings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Sarah Masud , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Vikram Goyal , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Hate speech encompasses verbal, written, or behavioral communication that targets derogatory or discriminatory language against individuals or groups based on sensitive characteristics. Automated hate speech detection plays a crucial role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tanmay Sen , Ansuman Das , Mrinmay Sen

Text classification is crucial for applications such as sentiment analysis and toxic text filtering, but it still faces challenges due to the complexity and ambiguity of natural language. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Lingyu Gao

Toxic language includes content that is offensive, abusive, or that promotes harm. Progress in preventing toxic output from large language models (LLMs) is hampered by inconsistent definitions of toxicity. We introduce TRuST, a large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Berk Atil , Namrata Sureddy , Rebecca J. Passonneau

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

As the pre-trained language models (PLMs) continue to grow, so do the hardware and data requirements for fine-tuning PLMs. Therefore, the researchers have come up with a lighter method called \textit{Prompt Learning}. However, during the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Yundi Shi , Piji Li , Changchun Yin , Zhaoyang Han , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

Peer review is crucial for advancing and improving science through constructive criticism. However, toxic feedback can discourage authors and hinder scientific progress. This work explores an important but underexplored area: detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Man Luo , Bradley Peterson , Rafael Gan , Hari Ramalingame , Navya Gangrade , Ariadne Dimarogona , Imon Banerjee , Phillip Howard

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible capabilities and transcended the natural language processing (NLP) community, with adoption throughout many services like healthcare, therapy, education, and customer service. Since users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Ameet Deshpande , Vishvak Murahari , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Ashwin Kalyan , Karthik Narasimhan

The internet has brought both benefits and harms to society. A prime example of the latter is misinformation, including conspiracy theories, which flood the web. Recent advances in natural language processing, particularly the emergence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhiwei Liu , Boyang Liu , Paul Thompson , Kailai Yang , Sophia Ananiadou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained to refuse to respond to harmful content. However, systematic analyses of whether this behavior is truly a reflection of its safety policies or an indication of political censorship, that is practiced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Neemesh Yadav , Francesco Ortu , Jiarui Liu , Joeun Yook , Bernhard Schölkopf , Rada Mihalcea , Alberto Cazzaniga , Zhijing Jin

Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have shown significant advancements across diverse natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, including intelligent dialogue and autonomous agents. Yet, lacking widely acknowledged testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Jinyang Wu , Feihu Che , Xinxin Zheng , Shuai Zhang , Ruihan Jin , Shuai Nie , Pengpeng Shao , Jianhua Tao