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Long Gamma Ray Bursts are thought to originate from the core collapse of massive stars that give rise to energetic broad-lined Type Ic supernovae. The brightest burst ever recorded, GRB 221009A, has been linked to a broad-lined Type Ic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-12 Rahim Moradi , Emre S. Yorgancioglu , Shao-Lin Xiong , Yan-Qiu Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Roland Diehl , Yu Wang

On 9 October 2022, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded (GRB 221009A) was detected. Its remarkably bright emission, partially due to its close distance to Earth ($z\sim0.15$), makes this GRB a unique event. The outstanding…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-02 Arnau Aguasca-Cabot , Alessandro Carosi , Alice Donini , Susumu Inoue , Yuri Sato , Monica Seglar Arroyo , Kenta Terauchi , Pol Bordas , Marc Ribó

In the first two years since the launch of the Fermi Observatory, the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) has detected over 500 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), of which 18 were confidently detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) above 100 MeV.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-02 Elisabetta Bissaldi

We report on the observation of the bright, long gamma-ray burst, GRB 090902B, by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) instruments on-board the Fermi observatory. This was one of the brightest GRBs to have been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-19 GBM collaboration , LAT Collaboration , The Swift Team

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (\insight) detected GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst observed to date, with all its three telescopes, i.e. High Energy telescope (HE, 20-250 keV), Medium Energy telescope (ME, 5-30 keV), and Low…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) brighter than the GRB 221009A, the brightest yet observed, have previously been estimated to occur at a rate of 1 per 10,000 years, based on the extrapolation of the distribution of fluences of the Long GRB…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-24 Justin Finke , Soebur Razzaque

No transient electromagnetic emission has yet been found in association to fast radio bursts (FRBs), the only possible exception (3sigma confidence) being the putative gamma-ray signal detected in Swift/BAT data in the energy band 15-150…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-11 C. Guidorzi , M. Marongiu , R. Martone , L. Amati , F. Frontera , L. Nicastro , M. Orlandini , R. Margutti , E. Virgilli

GRB 221009A ($z=0.151$) is one of the closest known long $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs). Its extreme brightness across all electromagnetic wavelengths provides an unprecedented opportunity to study a member of this still-mysterious class of…

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected and occurred at low Galactic latitude. Owing to this exceptional combination, its prompt X-ray emission could be detected for weeks in the form of expanding X-ray rings…

The brightest ever observed gamma ray burst GRB 221009A at redshift $z = 0.151$ was detected on October 9, 2022. Its highest energy photons have been recorded by the LHAASO collaboration up to above $12 \, \rm TeV$, and one of the at ${\cal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-06 Giorgio Galanti , Marco Roncadelli , Giacomo Bonnoli , Lara Nava , Fabrizio Tavecchio

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from explosions at cosmological distances, generating collimated jets. GRB 221009A, exploded on 9 October 2022, has been established as the brightest GRB to date. Its bright and long emission was…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-30 Arnau Aguasca-Cabot , Susumu Inoue , Monica Seglar-Arroyo , Kenta Terauchi , Pol Bordas , Marc Ribó

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful electromagnetic outbursts in the Universe and emit a vast amount of their energy in the form of gamma rays. Their duration is extremely short on cosmic timescales, but they show a wealth of time…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-11 Else Magnus , Jannes Loonen , Rose S. Stanley , Paul Coppin , Krijn D. de Vries , Nick van Eijndhoven

In three years of observations since the beginning of nominal science operations in August 2008, the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope has observed high-energy (>20 MeV) \gamma-ray emission from 35…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 LAT Collaboration

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope with its main instrument onboard, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), opened a new era in high-energy astrophysics and in particular for the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), which are short flashes of -rays…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-12-03 Aurelien Bouvier

We present the first results study of the effects of the powerful Gamma Ray Burst GRB 221009A that occurred on October 9, 2022, and was serendipitously recorded by electron and proton detectors aboard the four spacecraft of the NASA THEMIS…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-24 O. V. Agapitov , M. Balikhin , A. J. Hull , Y. Hobara , V. Angelopoulos , F. S. Mozer

We develop a new method for simultaneous timing and spectral studies of Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) prompt emission and apply it to make a pulse-wise description of the prompt emission of GRB 090618, the brightest GRB detected in the Fermi era.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Rupal Basak , A. R. Rao

We study the prompt emission properties of the long duration GRB~200613A using \textit{Fermi}-Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) data. The prompt emission light curve of GRB~200613A reveals a strong peak emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-24 Ankur Ghosh , Kuntal Misra , Dimple

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the $Fermi$ spacecraft routinely observes high-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Here we present the second catalog of LAT-detected GRBs, covering the first 10 years of operations, from 2008…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-28 M. Axelsson , E. Bissaldi , N. Omodei , G. Vianello

GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 years of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains after the GRB obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration (which includes…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-17 D. A. Kann , S. Agayeva , V. Aivazyan , S. Alishov , C. M. Andrade , S. Antier , A. Baransky , P. Bendjoya , Z. Benkhaldoun , S. Beradze , D. Berezin , M. Boër , E. Broens , S. Brunier , M. Bulla , O. Burkhonov , E. Burns , Y. Chen , Y. P. Chen , M. Conti , M. W. Coughlin , W. W. Cui , F. Daigne , B. Delaveau , H. A. R. Devillepoix , T. Dietrich , D. Dornic , F. Dubois , J. -G. Ducoin , E. Durand , P. -A. Duverne , H. -B. Eggenstein , S. Ehgamberdiev , A. Fouad , M. Freeberg , D. Froebrich , M. Y. Ge , S. Gervasoni , V. Godunova , P. Gokuldass , E. Gurbanov , D. W. Han , E. Hasanov , P. Hello , T. Hussenot-Desenonges , R. Inasaridze , A. Iskandar , N. Ismailov , A. Janati , T. Jegou du Laz , S. M. Jia , S. Karpov , A. Kaeouach , R. W. Kiendrebeogo , A. Klotz , R. Kneip , N. Kochiashvili , N. Kunert , A. Lekic , S. Leonini , C. K. Li , W. Li , X. B. Li , J. Y. Liao , L. Logie , F. J. Lu , J. Mao , D. Marchais , R. Ménard , D. Morris , R. Natsvlishvili , V. Nedora , K. Noonan , K. Noysena , N. B. Orange , P. T. H. Pang , H. W. Peng , C. Pellouin , J. Peloton , T. Pradier , O. Pyshna , Y. Rajabo , S. Rau , C. Rinner , J. -P. Rivet , F. D. Romanov , P. Rosi , V. A. Rupchandani , M. Serrau , A. Shokry , A. Simon , K. Smith , O. Sokoliuk , M. Soliman , L. M. Song , A. Takey , Y. Tillayev , L. M. Tinjaca Ramirez , I. Tosta e Melo , D. Turpin , A. de Ugarte Postigo , S. Vanaverbeke , V. Vasylenko , D. Vernet , Z. Vidadi , C. Wang , J. Wang , L. T. Wang , X. F. Wang , Shaolin L. Xiong , Y. P. Xu , W. C. Xue , X. Zeng , S. N. Zhang , H. S. Zhao , X. F. Zhao

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the brightest electromagnetic bursts in the universe, are believed to originate from ultra-relativistic jets launched by the rapidly rotating central engine, either a disk-surrounded newly formed black hole (BH) or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-02 Tian-Ci Zheng , Stefano Covino , Yun Wang , Xiang-Dong Li , Da-Ming Wei , Zhi-Ping Jin