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Smart contract vulnerabilities have led to significant financial losses, with their increasing complexity rendering outright prevention of hacks increasingly challenging. This trend highlights the crucial need for advanced forensic analysis…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Kaihua Qin , Zhe Ye , Zhun Wang , Weilin Li , Liyi Zhou , Chao Zhang , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais

Blockchains facilitate secure resource transactions through smart contracts, yet these digital agreements are prone to vulnerabilities, particularly when interacting with external contracts, leading to substantial monetary losses.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Haojia Sun , Kunal Singh , Jan-Paul Ramos-Dávila , Jonathan Aldrich , Jenna DiVincenzo

As blockchain technology continues to evolve, the security of smart contracts has increasingly drawn attention from both academia and industry. The Move language, with its unique resource model and linear type system, provides a solid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhe Luo , Zhongwen Li , Xiaoqi Li

Smart contracts are regarded as one of the most promising and appealing notions in blockchain technology. Their self-enforcing and event-driven features make some online activities possible without a trusted third party. Nevertheless,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Bin Hu , Zongyang Zhang , Jianwei Liu , Yizhong Liu , Jiayuan Yin , Rongxing Lu , Xiaodong Lin

Due to the inherent immutability of blockchain technology, smart contract updates require their deployment at new addresses rather than modifying existing ones, thus fragmenting version histories and creating critical blind spots for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji , Vinny Adjibi , Moustapha Awwalou Diouf , Gervais Mendy , Kui Liu , Jacques Klein , Tegawende Bissyande

We present a methodology to develop verified smart contracts. We write smart contracts, their specifications and implementations in the verification-friendly language Dafny. In our methodology the ability to write specifications,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Franck Cassez , Joanne Fuller , Horacio Mijail Anton Quiles

Smart contracts are small programs on the blockchain that often handle valuable assets. Vulnerabilities in smart contracts can be costly, as time has shown over and over again. Countermeasures are high in demand and include best practice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Monika di Angelo , Gernot Salzer

Smart contracts are programs running on a blockchain. They are immutable to change, and hence can not be patched for bugs once deployed. Thus it is critical to ensure they are bug-free and well-designed before deployment. A Contract defect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Jiachi Chen , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy , Daniel Xiapu Luo , Ting Chen

Recent years have seen an explosion of activity in Generative AI, specifically Large Language Models (LLMs), revolutionising applications across various fields. Smart contract vulnerability detection is no exception; as smart contracts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Peter Ince , Jiangshan Yu , Joseph K. Liu , Xiaoning Du

Reentrancy is one of the most notorious vulnerabilities in smart contracts, resulting in significant digital asset losses. However, many previous works indicate that current Reentrancy detection tools suffer from high false positive rates.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zexu Wang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Peilin Zheng , Yu Zhang , Weizhe Zhang

Smart contracts underpin high-value ecosystems such as decentralized finance (DeFi), yet recurring vulnerabilities continue to cause losses worth billions of dollars. Although numerous security analyzers that detect such flaws exist,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tamer Abdelaziz , Salma Alsaghir , Karim Ali

With the rapid growth of blockchain technology, smart contracts are now crucial to Decentralized Finance (DeFi) applications. Effective vulnerability detection is vital for securing these contracts against hackers and enhancing the accuracy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jango Zhang

We present LISA, an agentic smart contract vulnerability detection framework that combines rule-based and logic-based methods to address a broad spectrum of vulnerabilities in smart contracts. LISA leverages data from historical audit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Izaiah Sun , Daniel Tan , Andy Deng

Smart contract vulnerabilities can cause substantial financial losses due to the immutability of code after deployment. While existing tools detect vulnerabilities, they cannot effectively repair them. In this paper, we propose SCPatcher, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xiaoqi Li , Shipeng Ye , Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li

Smart contracts codify real-world transactions and automatically execute the terms of the contract when predefined conditions are met. This paper proposes SmartML, a modeling language for smart contracts that is platform independent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Adele Veschetti , Richard Bubel , Reiner Hähnle

Solidity smart contracts are programs that manage up to 2^160 users on a blockchain. Verifying a smart contract relative to all users is intractable due to state explosion. Existing solutions either restrict the number of users to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Scott Wesley , Maria Christakis , Jorge A. Navas , Richard Trefler , Valentin Wüstholz , Arie Gurfinkel

Smart contracts have recently been adopted by many security protocols. However, existing studies lack satisfactory theoretical support on how contracts benefit security protocols. This paper aims to give a systematic analysis of smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Rujia Li , Qin Wang , Qi Wang , David Galindo

Blockchains are modern distributed systems that provide decentralized financial capabilities with trustable guarantees. Smart contracts are programs written in specialized programming languages running on a blockchain and govern how tokens…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Margarita Capretto , Martin Ceresa , Cesar Sanchez

Smart contracts, as a key component of blockchain technology, play a crucial role in ensuring the automation of transactions and adherence to protocol rules. However, smart contracts are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, which, if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuying Du , Xueyan Tang

Smart contracts are computer programs that are executed by a network of mutually distrusting agents, without the need of an external trusted authority. Smart contracts handle and transfer assets of considerable value (in the form of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Yaron Velner