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Depth of the Tukey median is investigated for empirical distributions. A sharper upper bound is provided for this value for data sets in general position. This bound is lower than the existing one in the literature, and more importantly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-21 Xiaohui Liu , Shihua Luo , Yijun Zuo

For multivariate data, Tukey's half-space depth is one of the most popular depth functions available in the literature. It is conceptually simple and satisfies several desirable properties of depth functions. The Tukey median, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-01-06 Subhajit Dutta , Anil K. Ghosh , Probal Chaudhuri

Mean estimation is a fundamental task in statistics and a focus within differentially private statistical estimation. While univariate methods based on the Gaussian mechanism are widely used in practice, more advanced techniques such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gavin Brown , Lydia Zakynthinou

Tukey's depth (or halfspace depth) is a widely used measure of centrality for multivariate data. However, exact computation of Tukey's depth is known to be a hard problem in high dimensions. As a remedy, randomized approximations of Tukey's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Simon Briend , Gábor Lugosi , Roberto Imbuzeiro Oliveira

Robust estimation of location is a fundamental problem in statistics, particularly in scenarios where data contamination by outliers or model misspecification is a concern. In univariate settings, methods such as the sample median and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-07 Alejandro Cholaquidis , Ricardo Fraiman , Leonardo Moreno , Gonzalo Perera

Tukey depth, aka halfspace depth, has attracted much interest in data analysis, because it is a natural way of measuring the notion of depth relative to a cloud of points or, more generally, to a probability measure. Given an i.i.d. sample,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-10 Victor-Emmanuel Brunel

We develop a novel exploratory tool for non-Euclidean object data based on data depth, extending the celebrated Tukey's depth for Euclidean data. The proposed metric halfspace depth, applicable to data objects in a general metric space,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-02 Xiongtao Dai , Sara Lopez-Pintado

Tukey's depth offers a powerful tool for nonparametric inference and estimation, but also encounters serious computational and methodological difficulties in modern statistical data analysis. This paper studies how to generalize and compute…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-04 Yiyuan She , Shao Tang , Jingze Liu

We present a new fast approximate algorithm for Tukey (halfspace) depth level sets and its implementation-ABCDepth. Given a $d$-dimensional data set for any $d\geq 1$, the algorithm is based on a representation of level sets as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Milica Bogićević , Milan Merkle

Statistical depths provide a fundamental generalization of quantiles and medians to data in higher dimensions. This paper proposes a new type of globally defined statistical depth, based upon control theory and eikonal equations, which…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Martin Molina-Fructuoso , Ryan Murray

In 1975 John Tukey proposed a multivariate median which is the 'deepest' point in a given data cloud in R^d. Later, in measuring the depth of an arbitrary point z with respect to the data, David Donoho and Miriam Gasko considered…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-18 Karl Mosler

Data depth is a powerful nonparametric tool originally proposed to rank multivariate data from center outward. In this context, one of the most archetypical depth notions is Tukey's halfspace depth. In the last few decades notions of depth…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-27 Hyemin Yeon , Xiongtao Dai , Sara Lopez-Pintado

Tukey's halfspace depth can be seen as a stochastic program and as such it is not guarded against optimizer's curse, so that a limited training sample may easily result in a poor out-of-sample performance. We propose a generalized halfspace…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-13 Jevgenijs Ivanovs , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

This paper studies how to generalize Tukey's depth to problems defined in a restricted space that may be curved or have boundaries, and to problems with a nondifferentiable objective. First, using a manifold approach, we propose a broad…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-05 Yiyuan She , Shao Tang , Jingze Liu

We establish a definition of ordinal patterns for multivariate data sets based on the concept of Tukey's halfspace depth. Given the definition of these \emph{depth patterns}, we are interested in the probabilities of observing specific…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Annika Betken , Alexander Schnurr

Under special conditions on data set and underlying distribution, the limit of finite sample breakdown point of Tukey's halfspace median ($\frac{1} {3}$) has been obtained in literature. In this paper, we establish the result under…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-26 Xiaohui Liu , Shihua Luo , Yijun Zuo

Statistical depth functions order the elements of a space with respect to their centrality in a probability distribution or dataset. Since many depth functions are maximized in the real line by the median, they provide a natural approach to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-26 Luis González-De La Fuente , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Pedro Terán

The concept of statistical depth extends the notions of the median and quantiles to other statistical models. These procedures aim to formalize the idea of identifying deeply embedded fits to a model that are less influenced by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Jorge G. Adrover , Marcelo Ruiz

The angular halfspace depth (ahD) is a natural modification of the celebrated halfspace (or Tukey) depth to the setup of directional data. It allows us to define elements of nonparametric inference, such as the median, the inter-quantile…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Stanislav Nagy , Petra Laketa

Tukey depth function is one of the most famous multivariate tools serving robust purposes. It is also very well known for its computability problems in dimensions $p \ge 3$. In this paper, we address this computing issue by presenting two…

Computation · Statistics 2016-10-07 Xiaohui Liu
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