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The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical societal domains has amplified concerns about fairness, particularly regarding unequal treatment across sensitive attributes such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Munshi Mahbubur Rahman , Shimei Pan , James R. Foulds

This policy report draws on country studies from China, South Korea, Singapore, and the United Kingdom to identify effective tools and key barriers to interoperability in AI safety governance. It offers practical recommendations to support…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yik Chan Chin , David A. Raho , Hag-Min Kim , Chunli Bi , James Ong , Jingbo Huang , Serge Stinckwich

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

While much research in artificial intelligence (AI) has focused on scaling capabilities, the accelerating pace of development makes countervailing work on producing harmless, "aligned" systems increasingly urgent. Yet research on alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Dani Roytburg , Beck Miller

AI Alignment is often presented as an interaction between a single designer and an artificial agent in which the designer attempts to ensure the agent's behavior is consistent with its purpose, and risks arise solely because of conflicts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Steve Phelps , Rebecca Ranson

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) systems suggests that artificial general intelligence (AGI) systems may soon arrive. Many researchers are concerned that AIs and AGIs will harm humans via intentional misuse (AI-misuse)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Catalin Mitelut , Ben Smith , Peter Vamplew

This paper advances a methodological proposal for safety research in agentic AI. As systems acquire planning, memory, tool use, persistent identity, and sustained interaction, safety can no longer be analysed primarily at the level of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Federico Pierucci , Matteo Prandi , Marcantonio Bracale Syrnikov , Marcello Galisai , Piercosma Bisconti

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) decision-making and autonomous systems became an integrated part of the economy, industry, and society. The evolving economy of the human-AI ecosystem raising concerns regarding the risks and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Daniel Muller

AI models are increasingly deployed in live clinical environments where they must perform reliably across complex, high-stakes workflows that standard training and validation datasets were never designed to capture. Evaluating these systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prasanna Desikan , Harshit Rajgarhia , Shivali Dalmia , Ananya Mantravadi

Advanced reasoning models with agentic capabilities (AI agents) are deployed to interact with humans and to solve sequential decision-making problems under (approximate) utility functions and internal models. When such problems have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Daniel Jarne Ornia , Nicholas Bishop , Joel Dyer , Wei-Chen Lee , Ani Calinescu , Doyne Farmer , Michael Wooldridge

Problem statement: Standardisation of AI fairness rules and benchmarks is challenging because AI fairness and other ethical requirements depend on multiple factors such as context, use case, type of the AI system, and so on. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Avinash Agarwal , Harsh Agarwal

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities have increased the eagerness of companies to integrate AI into software systems. While AI can be used to have a positive impact on several dimensions of sustainability, this is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Apoorva Nalini Pradeep Kumar , Justus Bogner , Markus Funke , Patricia Lago

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

Rapidly evolving AI exhibits increasingly strong autonomy and goal-directed capabilities, accompanied by derivative systemic risks that are more unpredictable, difficult to control, and potentially irreversible. However, current AI safety…

We analyze the challenges of benchmarking scientific (multi)-agentic systems, including the difficulty of distinguishing reasoning from retrieval, the risks of data/model contamination, the lack of reliable ground truth for novel research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Marcin Abram

This article develops the concept of the agentic economy and diagnoses its measurable preconditions: a transition in which economic action is increasingly distributed among humans, AI agents, industrial robots, executable protocols, compute…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Davit Gondauri , Mikheil Batiashvili

The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in household environments, especially in the form of proactive autonomous agents, brings about possibilities of comfort and attention as well as it comes with intra or extramural ethical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Joydeep Chandra , Satyam Kumar Navneet

Agentic artificial intelligence systems are autonomous technologies capable of pursuing complex goals with minimal human oversight and are rapidly emerging as the next frontier in AI. While these systems promise major gains in productivity,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Theodore Roberts , Bahram Zarrin

AI models are increasingly prevalent in high-stakes environments, necessitating thorough assessment of their capabilities and risks. Benchmarks are popular for measuring these attributes and for comparing model performance, tracking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Anka Reuel , Amelia Hardy , Chandler Smith , Max Lamparth , Malcolm Hardy , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

AI is increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems; however, most research considers only the behavior of individual models. We experimentally show that multi-agent "AI organizations" are simultaneously more effective at achieving business…