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Non-maximum suppression is an integral part of the object detection pipeline. First, it sorts all detection boxes on the basis of their scores. The detection box M with the maximum score is selected and all other detection boxes with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Navaneeth Bodla , Bharat Singh , Rama Chellappa , Larry S. Davis

Object detectors have hugely profited from moving towards an end-to-end learning paradigm: proposals, features, and the classifier becoming one neural network improved results two-fold on general object detection. One indispensable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Jan Hosang , Rodrigo Benenson , Bernt Schiele

In object detection, post-processing methods like Non-maximum Suppression (NMS) are widely used. NMS can substantially reduce the number of false positive detections but may still keep some detections with low objectness scores. In order to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Angzhi Fan , Benjamin Ticknor , Yali Amit

The widely adopted sequential variant of Non Maximum Suppression (or Greedy-NMS) is a crucial module for object-detection pipelines. Unfortunately, for the region proposal stage of two/multi-stage detectors, NMS is turning out to be a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Rohun Tripathi , Vasu Singla , Mahyar Najibi , Bharat Singh , Abhishek Sharma , Larry Davis

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) has been adopted by default for removing redundant object detections for decades. It eliminates false positives by only keeping the image M with highest detection score and images whose overlap ratio with M is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Junde Li , Swaroop Ghosh

We show a simple NMS-free, end-to-end object detection framework, of which the network is a minimal modification to a one-stage object detector such as the FCOS detection model [Tian et al. 2019]. We attain on par or even improved detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Qiang Zhou , Chaohui Yu , Chunhua Shen , Zhibin Wang , Hao Li

In the context of object detection, sliding-window classifiers and single-shot Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) meta-architectures typically yield multiple overlapping candidate windows with similar high scores around the true location of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 David Oro , Carles Fernández , Xavier Martorell , Javier Hernando

Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is used in virtually all state-of-the-art object detection pipelines. While essential object detection ingredients such as features, classifiers, and proposal methods have been extensively researched…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-11 Jan Hosang , Rodrigo Benenson , Bernt Schiele

In this paper, we propose an algorithm, named hashing-based non-maximum suppression (HNMS) to efficiently suppress the non-maximum boxes for object detection. Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is an essential component to suppress the boxes at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Jianfeng Wang , Xi Yin , Lijuan Wang , Lei Zhang

Most state of the art object detectors output multiple detections per object. The duplicates are removed in a post-processing step called Non-Maximum Suppression. Classical Non-Maximum Suppression has shortcomings in scenes that contain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Niels Ole Salscheider

The non-maximum suppression (NMS) is widely used in frame-based tasks as an essential post-processing algorithm. However, event-based NMS either has high computational complexity or leads to frequent discontinuities. As a result, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Qianang Zhou , JunLin Xiong , Youfu Li

Modern 3D object detectors have immensely benefited from the end-to-end learning idea. However, most of them use a post-processing algorithm called Non-Maximal Suppression (NMS) only during inference. While there were attempts to include…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Abhinav Kumar , Garrick Brazil , Xiaoming Liu

Object detection is an important task in environment perception for autonomous driving. Modern 2D object detection frameworks such as Yolo, SSD or Faster R-CNN predict multiple bounding boxes per object that are refined using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Nils Gählert , Niklas Hanselmann , Uwe Franke , Joachim Denzler

Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) for high-dimensional vectors is pivotal across databases, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence. Existing methods either reduce MIPS to Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) while suffering from…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tingyang Chen , Cong Fu , Kun Wang , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Wenchao Zhou , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng

Deformable Parts Models and Convolutional Networks each have achieved notable performance in object detection. Yet these two approaches find their strengths in complementary areas: DPMs are well-versed in object composition, modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-11-20 Li Wan , David Eigen , Rob Fergus

The rapid development of embedded hardware in autonomous vehicles broadens their computational capabilities, thus bringing the possibility to mount more complete sensor setups able to handle driving scenarios of higher complexity. As a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Irene Cortes , Jorge Beltran , Arturo de la Escalera , Fernando Garcia

Quantization is essential for Neural Network (NN) compression, reducing model size and computational demands by using lower bit-width data types, though aggressive reduction often hampers accuracy. Mixed Precision (MP) mitigates this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shmulik Markovich-Golan , Daniel Ohayon , Itay Niv , Yair Hanani

CNN-based face detection methods have achieved significant progress in recent years. In addition to the strong representation ability of CNN, post-processing methods are also very important for the performance of face detection. In general,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Lian Liu , liguo Zhou

In object detection, non-maximum suppression (NMS) methods are extensively adopted to remove horizontal duplicates of detected dense boxes for generating final object instances. However, due to the degraded quality of dense detection boxes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shi-Xue Zhang , Xiaobin Zhu , Jie-Bo Hou , Xu-Cheng Yin

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO)-based suppression in object detection is known to have superiority to conventional Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS), especially for crowded scenes where NMS possibly suppresses the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Keiichiro Yamamura , Toru Mitsutake , Hiroki Ishikura , Daiki Kusuhara , Akihiro Yoshida , Katsuki Fujisawa
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