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Networked quantum sensors have several applications such as the mapping of magnetic fields. When the magnetic fields are biomagnetic ones, i.e., they contain some private information, the information of from who non-zero magnetic fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Hiroto Kasai , Seiichiro Tani , Yasuhiro Tokura , Yuki Takeuchi

We introduce a general mapping for encoding quantum communication protocols involving pure states of multiple qubits, unitary transformations, and projective measurements into another set of protocols that employ coherent states of light in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-05 Juan Miguel Arrazola , Norbert Lütkenhaus

The violation of certain Bell inequalities allows for device-independent information processing secure against non-signalling eavesdroppers. However, this only holds for the Bell network, in which two or more agents perform local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-12 Ciarán M. Lee , Matty J. Hoban

The capability to reliably transmit and store quantum information is an essential building block for future quantum networks and processors. Gauging the ability of a communication link or quantum memory to preserve quantum correlations is…

Device-Independent Quantum Secure Direct Communication (DI-QSDC) enhances quantum cryptography by enabling secure message transmission without relying on the trustworthiness of the devices involved. This approach mitigates risks associated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Nayana Das , Saikat Basu , Goutam Paul , Vijay S. Rao

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) represents a relaxation of the security assumptions made in usual quantum key distribution (QKD). As in usual QKD, the security of DIQKD follows from the laws of quantum physics, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-30 Stefano Pironio , Antonio Acin , Nicolas Brunner , Nicolas Gisin , Serge Massar , Valerio Scarani

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

By carrying out measurements on entangled states, two parties can generate a secret key which is secure not only against an eavesdropper bound by the laws of quantum mechanics, but also against a hypothetical "post-quantum" eavesdroppers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-10-22 Antonio Acin , Serge Massar , Stefano Pironio

Noise is the main obstacle for the realization of fault tolerant quantum information processing and secure communication over long distances. In this work, we propose a communication protocol relying on simple linear optics that optimally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Mikael Lassen , Adriano Berni , Lars S. Madsen , Radim Filip , Ulrik L. Andersen

We introduce a novel form of decoy-state technique to make the single-photon Bennett 1992 protocol robust against losses and noise of a communication channel. Two uninformative states are prepared by the transmitter in order to prevent the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Marco Lucamarini , Giovanni Di Giuseppe , Kiyoshi Tamaki

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a rapidly developing quantum communication approach, where secure information is directly transmitted, providing an alternative to key-based (de)encryption processes via Quantum Key Distribution…

Bell inequality can provide a useful witness for device-independent applications with quantum (or post-quantum) eavesdroppers. This feature holds only for single entangled systems. Our goal is to explore device-independent model for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Ming-Xing Luo

We show how weak non-linearities can be used in a device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol using generalized two-mode Schr\"odinger cat states. The QKD protocol is therefore shown to be secure against collective attacks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-12 Curtis J. Broadbent , Kevin Marshall , Christian Weedbrook , John C. Howell

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum communication that transmits confidential message directly in a quantum channel without utilizing encryption and decryption. It not only prevents eavesdropping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-29 Peng-Hao Niu , Jia-Wei Wu , Liu-Guo Yin , Gui-Lu Long

Quantum network protocols depend on the availability of shared entanglement. Given that entanglement generation and distribution are affected by noise, characterization of the shared entangled states is essential to bound the errors of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Noah Kaufmann , Maria Quadeer , David Elkouss

Real-world BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems utilize imperfect devices that introduce vulnerabilities to their security, known as side-channel attacks. Measurement-Device-Independent (MDI) QKD authorizes an untrusted third party…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Kazi Reaz , Md Mehdi Hassan , Adrien Green , Noah Crum , George Siopsis

Given a pair of isolated devices that accept random binary inputs and return binary outputs, a user can deduce from the observed data alone if the underlying mechanism can be explained classically. Bell's theorem further states that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Kuntal Sengupta , Lewis Wooltorton

We investigate quantum repeater protocols based upon atomic qubit-entanglement distribution through optical coherent-state communication. Various measurement schemes for an optical mode entangled with two spatially separated atomic qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-14 Peter van Loock , Norbert Lütkenhaus , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

We present a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) using single photons in a linear superposition of three orthogonal time-bin states, for generating the key. The orthogonal states correspond to three distinct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Shashank Kumar Ranu , Anil Prabhakar , Prabha Mandayam

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) exploits the violation of a Bell inequality to extract secure key even if the users' devices are untrusted. Currently, all DIQKD protocols suffer from the secret key capacity bound, i.e.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-05 Yuan-Mei Xie , Bing-Hong Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Wen-Bo Liu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen
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