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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieving relevant evidence from a corpus to support downstream generation. The common practice of splitting a long document into multiple shorter passages enables finer-grained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ye Yuan , Mohammad Amin Shabani , Siqi Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been proposed to mitigate hallucinations in large language models (LLMs), where generated outputs may be factually incorrect. However, existing RAG approaches predominantly rely on vector similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Miao Xie , Xiao Zhang , Yi Li , Chunli Lv

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external data, with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offering crucial information for question answering. Traditional Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yushi Sun , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a promising solution to alleviate Large Language Model (LLM)'s deficiency in lack of knowledge. Existing RAG datasets, however, do not adequately represent the diverse and dynamic…

Retrieval augmented language models have recently become the standard for knowledge intensive tasks. Rather than relying purely on latent semantics within the parameters of large neural models, these methods enlist a semi-parametric memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Wenhu Chen , Pat Verga , Michiel de Jong , John Wieting , William Cohen

This article presents the QUASAR system for question answering over unstructured text, structured tables, and knowledge graphs, with unified treatment of all sources. The system adopts a RAG-based architecture, with a pipeline of evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Philipp Christmann , Gerhard Weikum

Reliably determining the performance of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depends on comprehensive test questions. While a proliferation of evaluation frameworks for LLM-powered applications exists, current practices lack a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Noah Broestl , Adel Nasser Abdalla , Rajprakash Bale , Hersh Gupta , Max Struever

Neural models with an encoder-decoder framework provide a feasible solution to Question Generation (QG). However, after analyzing the model vocabulary we find that current models (both RNN-based and pre-training based) have more than 23\%…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Xingwu Sun , Hongyin Tang , chengzhong Xu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language model reliability by grounding generated responses in external evidence. However, RAG performance depends on the relevance of retrieved passages, the quality of evidence ranking,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

The Adobe Experience Platform AI Assistant is a conversational tool that enables organizations to interact seamlessly with proprietary enterprise data through a chatbot. However, due to access restrictions, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Manisha Mukherjee , Sungchul Kim , Xiang Chen , Dan Luo , Tong Yu , Tung Mai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) utilizes external knowledge to augment Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability. For flexibility, agentic RAG employs autonomous, multi-round retrieval and reasoning to resolve queries. Although recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chao Zhang , Yuhao Wang , Derong Xu , Haoxin Zhang , Yuanjie Lyu , Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly employed in generative AI-driven scientific workflows to integrate rapidly evolving scientific knowledge bases, yet its reliability is frequently compromised by non-determinism in their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Baiqiang Wang , Dongfang Zhao , Nathan R Tallent , Luanzheng Guo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in factual evidence but introduces critical challenges regarding knowledge conflicts between internalized parameters and retrieved information. However, existing reliability…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sunguk Shin , Meeyoung Cha , Byung-Jun Lee , Sungwon Park

Technology-enhanced learning environments often help students retrieve relevant learning content for questions arising during self-paced study. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as novel aids for information retrieval during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eason Chen , Chuangji Li , Shizhuo Li , Zimo Xiao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Modern retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems treat vector embeddings as static, context-free artifacts: an embedding has no notion of when it was created, how trustworthy its source is, or which other embeddings depend on it. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Naizhong Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by integrating non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into models, has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy while mitigating factual errors and hallucinations.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Qitao Qin , Yucong Luo , Yihang Lu , Zhibo Chu , Xiaoman Liu , Xianwei Meng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps LLMs stay accurate, but feeding long documents into a prompt makes the model slow and expensive. This has motivated context compression, ranging from token pruning and summarization to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jianbo Li , Yi Jiang , Sendong Zhao , Bairui Hu , Haochun Wang , Bing Qin

This work addresses the problem of Question Answering (QA) on handwritten document collections. Unlike typical QA and Visual Question Answering (VQA) formulations where the answer is a short text, we aim to locate a document snippet where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Minesh Mathew , Lluis Gomez , Dimosthenis Karatzas , CV Jawahar

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but are prone to generating inaccurate or hallucinatory responses. This limitation stems from their reliance on vast pretraining datasets, making them susceptible to errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chi-Min Chan , Chunpu Xu , Ruibin Yuan , Hongyin Luo , Wei Xue , Yike Guo , Jie Fu

The ability to form, retrieve, and reason about memories in response to stimuli serves as the cornerstone for general intelligence - shaping entities capable of learning, adaptation, and intuitive insight. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Brendan Hogan Rappazzo , Yingheng Wang , Aaron Ferber , Carla Gomes