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The automated translation of C code to Java code is a notoriously difficult task, fraught with challenges stemming from fundamental paradigm shifts (procedural vs. Object Oriented), memory models (manual pointers vs. Garbage Collection),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Aryan Gupta , Y. Raghu Reddy

To ensure that Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively support user productivity, they need to be adjusted. Existing Code Readability (CR) models can guide this alignment. However, there are concerns about their relevance in modern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Evgeniia Kirillova , Timofey Bryksin

Although writing code seems trivial at times, problems arise when humans misinterpret what the code actually does. One of the potential causes are "atoms of confusion", the smallest possible patterns of misinterpretable source code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Chris Langhout , Maurício Aniche

The context of this work is specification, detection and ultimately removal of detectable harmful patterns in source code that are associated with defects in design and implementation of software. In particular, we investigate five code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Nicole Vavrová , Vadim Zaytsev

Well structured and readable source code is a pre-requisite for maintainable software and successful collaboration among developers. Static analysis enables the automated extraction of code complexity and readability metrics which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Gustaf Holst , Felix Dobslaw

Widely used complex code refactoring tools lack a solid reasoning about the correctness of the transformations they implement, whilst interest in proven correct refactoring is ever increasing as only formal verification can provide true…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Dániel Horpácsi , Judit Kőszegi , Zoltán Horváth

Binary decompilation aims to recover binaries into high-level source code, but existing evaluations mainly rely on syntactic similarity or single-axis readability metrics, which fail to capture practical reusability. We propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Puzhuo Liu , Yuhan Huang , Jianlei Chi , Peng Di , Yu Jiang

Reading code is an essential activity in software maintenance and evolution. Several studies with human subjects have investigated how different factors, such as the employed programming constructs and naming conventions, can impact code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Delano Oliveira , Reydne Bruno , Fernanda Madeiral , Fernando Castor

Image classification is an essential part of computer vision which assigns a given input image to a specific category based on the similarity evaluation within given criteria. While promising classifiers can be obtained through deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Emma Andrews , Prabhat Mishra

Context: Application Programming Interface (API) code examples are an essential knowledge resource for learning APIs. However, a few user studies have explored how the structural characteristics of the source code in code examples impact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Seham Alharbi , Dimitris Kolovos

Binary decompilation is a critical reverse engineering task aimed at reconstructing high-level source code from stripped executables. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown promise, they often suffer from "logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qiang Zhang , Zhongnian Li

Code completion is a key feature of Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), aimed at predicting the next tokens a developer is likely to write, helping them write code faster and with less effort. Modern code completion approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Matteo Ciniselli , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

The goal of decompilation is to convert compiled low-level code (e.g., assembly code) back into high-level programming languages, enabling analysis in scenarios where source code is unavailable. This task supports various reverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yunlong Feng , Bohan Li , Xiaoming Shi , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Background: Code review is a cognitively demanding and time-consuming process. Previous qualitative studies hinted at how decomposing change sets into multiple yet internally coherent ones would improve the reviewing process. So far,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Marco di Biase , Magiel Bruntink , Arie van Deursen , Alberto Bacchelli

Measuring code understandability is both highly relevant and exceptionally challenging. This paper proposes a dynamic code understandability assessment method, which estimates a personalized code understandability score from the perspective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gao Hao , Haytham Hijazi , Júlio Medeiros , João Durães , Chan Tong Lam , Paulo de Carvalho , Henrique Madeira

The relevance of code comprehension in a developer's daily work was recognized more than 40 years ago. Consequently, many experiments were conducted to find out how developers could be supported during code comprehension and which code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Marvin Wyrich , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner

Binary code similarity detection is a core task in reverse engineering. It supports malware analysis and vulnerability discovery by identifying semantically similar code in different contexts. Modern methods have progressed from manually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Charles E. Gagnon , Steven H. H. Ding , Philippe Charland , Benjamin C. M. Fung

Modern program verifiers use logic-based encodings of the verification problem that are discharged by a back end reasoning engine. However, instances of such encodings for large programs can quickly overwhelm these back end solvers. Hence,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Peter Schrammel

Software developers often look for solutions to their code-level problems using the Stack Overflow Q&A website. To receive help, developers frequently submit questions containing sample code segments and the description of the programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Saikat Mondal , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy , Kevin Schneider

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated code refactoring tasks. Although these models can quickly refactor code, the quality may exhibit inconsistencies and unpredictable behavior. In this article, we systematically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Norman Peitek , Julia Hess , Sven Apel