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Large language models demonstrate limited capability in proficiency-controlled sentence simplification, particularly when simplifying across large readability levels. We propose a framework that decomposes complex simplifications into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jingshen Zhang , Xin Ying Qiu , Lifang Lu , Zhuhua Huang , Yutao Hu , Yuechang Wu , JunYu Lu

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

Modern text simplification (TS) heavily relies on the availability of gold standard data to build machine learning models. However, existing studies show that parallel TS corpora contain inaccurate simplifications and incorrect alignments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez , Matthew Shardlow , Piotr Przybyła , Sophia Ananiadou

Recent studies suggest that very small language models (SLMs) can generate surprisingly coherent text when trained on simplified, child-directed corpora such as TinyStories. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ivan Lee , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Semantic similarity between two sentences depends on the aspects considered between those sentences. To study this phenomenon, Deshpande et al. (2023) proposed the Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity (C-STS) task and annotated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

Recent advances in large pretrained language models have increased attention to zero-shot text classification. In particular, models finetuned on natural language inference datasets have been widely adopted as zero-shot classifiers due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ariel Gera , Alon Halfon , Eyal Shnarch , Yotam Perlitz , Liat Ein-Dor , Noam Slonim

The Split and Rephrase (SPRP) task, which consists in splitting complex sentences into a sequence of shorter grammatical sentences, while preserving the original meaning, can facilitate the processing of complex texts for humans and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 David Ponce , Thierry Etchegoyhen , Jesús Calleja Pérez , Harritxu Gete

State-of-the-art text simplification (TS) systems adopt end-to-end neural network models to directly generate the simplified version of the input text, and usually function as a blackbox. Moreover, TS is usually treated as an all-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yu Qiao , Xiaofei Li , Daniel Wiechmann , Elma Kerz

Transformer-based models like BERT excel at short text classification but struggle with long document classification (LDC) due to input length limitations and computational inefficiencies. In this work, we propose an efficient, zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Prathamesh Kokate , Mitali Sarnaik , Manavi Khopade , Mukta Takalikar , Raviraj Joshi

Text Simplification (TS) aims to reduce the linguistic complexity of content to make it easier to understand. Research in TS has been of keen interest, especially as approaches to TS have shifted from manual, hand-crafted rules to automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Punardeep Sikka , Vijay Mago

Text classification of unseen classes is a challenging Natural Language Processing task and is mainly attempted using two different types of approaches. Similarity-based approaches attempt to classify instances based on similarities between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Tim Schopf , Daniel Braun , Florian Matthes

Measuring sentence similarity is a classic topic in natural language processing. Light-weighted similarities are still of particular practical significance even when deep learning models have succeeded in many other tasks. Some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Zihao Wang , Yong Zhang , Hao Wu

Text simplification is one of the domains in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that offers an opportunity to understand the text in a simplified manner for exploration. However, it is always hard to understand and retrieve knowledge from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Muhammad Salman , Armin Haller , Sergio J. Rodríguez Méndez

Given a document in a source language, cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary in a different target language. Recently, the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-3.5, ChatGPT and GPT-4, has attracted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jiaan Wang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Beiqi Zou , Zhixu Li , Jianfeng Qu , Jie Zhou

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

Breaking down the structure of long texts into semantically coherent segments makes the texts more readable and supports downstream applications like summarization and retrieval. Starting from an apparent link between text coherence and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Goran Glavaš , Swapna Somasundaran

The evaluation of text simplification (TS) systems remains an open challenge. As the task has common points with machine translation (MT), TS is often evaluated using MT metrics such as BLEU. However, such metrics require high quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Louis Martin , Samuel Humeau , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Antoine Bordes , Éric Villemonte de La Clergerie , Benoît Sagot

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance at zero-shot generation of abstractive summaries for given articles. However, little is known about the robustness of such a process of zero-shot summarization. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hadi Askari , Anshuman Chhabra , Muhao Chen , Prasant Mohapatra

Zero-shot Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis shows great promise for personalized voice customization through voice cloning. However, current methods for achieving zero-shot TTS heavily rely on large model scales and extensive training datasets…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Qianniu Chen , Xiaoyang Hao , Bowen Li , Yue Liu , Li Lu

Sentence simplification tends to focus on the generic simplification of sentences by making them more readable and easier to understand. This paper provides a dataset aimed at training models that perform subject aware sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Brad Windsor , Luke Martin , Anand Tyagi