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Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm in which a central server coordinates multiple participants (clients) collaboratively to train on decentralized data. In practice, FL often faces statistical, system, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a transformative force in artificial intelligence, demonstrating exceptional proficiency across various tasks. However, their deployment in resource-constrained environments and concerns over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tao Fan , Weijing Chen , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Hanlin Gu , Yuanfeng Song , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

In mobile and IoT systems, Federated Learning (FL) is increasingly important for effectively using data while maintaining user privacy. One key challenge in FL is managing statistical heterogeneity, such as non-i.i.d. data, arising from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Kunda Yan , Sen Cui , Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , Jingfeng Zhang , Bo Han , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Changshui Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various tasks, instruction tuning has emerged as a critical method for enhancing model performance. However, current data management strategies face substantial challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yangning Li , Zihua Lan , Lv Qingsong , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

The fast development of large language models (LLMs) and popularization of cloud computing have led to increasing concerns on privacy safeguarding and data security of cross-cloud model deployment and training as the key challenges. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ze Yang , Yihong Jin , Yihan Zhang , Juntian Liu , Xinhe Xu

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have revolutionized the NLP landscape, achieving stellar performances across diverse tasks. These models, while benefiting from vast training data, often require fine-tuning on specific data to cater to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jingwei Sun , Ziyue Xu , Hongxu Yin , Dong Yang , Daguang Xu , Yiran Chen , Holger R. Roth

Federated Learning enables the fine-tuning of foundation models (FMs) across distributed clients for specific tasks; however, its scalability is limited by the heterogeneity of client memory capacities. In this work, we propose Fed-pilot, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Ping Liu , Jiahao Xu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed paradigm that coordinates massive local clients to collaboratively train a global model via stage-wise local training processes on the heterogeneous dataset. Previous works have implicitly studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Li Shen , Yan Sun , Dacheng Tao

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) aims to learn personalized models for each client based on the knowledge across all clients in a privacy-preserving manner. Existing PFL methods generally assume that the underlying global data across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Yang Lu , Pinxin Qian , Gang Huang , Hanzi Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown superior performance in various applications and fields. To achieve better performance on specialized domains such as law and advertisement, LLMs are often continue pre-trained on in-domain data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xiao Liang , Xinyu Hu , Simiao Zuo , Yeyun Gong , Qiang Lou , Yi Liu , Shao-Lun Huang , Jian Jiao

Federated fine-tuning (FFT) of large language models (LLMs) has recently emerged as a promising solution to enable domain-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. Despite its benefits, FFT on resource-constrained clients relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Manning Zhu , Songtao Guo , Pengzhan Zhou , Yansong Ning , Chang Han , Dewen Qiao

Multilingual proficiency presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). English-centric models are usually suboptimal in other languages, particularly those that are linguistically distant from English. This performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Geyu Lin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively fine-tune an large language model (LLM) without the need of direct data sharing. Ideally, by training on decentralized data that is aligned with human preferences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rui Ye , Jingyi Chai , Xiangrui Liu , Yaodong Yang , Yanfeng Wang , Siheng Chen

Large language models are rapidly gaining popularity and have been widely adopted in real-world applications. While the quality of training data is essential, privacy concerns arise during data collection. Federated learning offers a…

Federated learning (FL) has enabled the training of multilingual large language models (LLMs) on diverse and decentralized multilingual data, especially on low-resource languages. To improve client-specific performance, personalization via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Royson Lee , Minyoung Kim , Fady Rezk , Rui Li , Stylianos I. Venieris , Timothy Hospedales

Instruction following refers to the ability of large language models (LLMs) to generate outputs that satisfy all specified constraints. Existing research has primarily focused on constraint categories, offering limited evaluation dimensions…

Federated Domain Adaptation (FDA) is a Federated Learning (FL) scenario where models are trained across multiple clients with unique data domains but a shared category space, without transmitting private data. The primary challenge in FDA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jingyuan Zhang , Yiyang Duan , Shuaicheng Niu , Yang Cao , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Federated learning (FL) enables on-device training over distributed networks consisting of a massive amount of modern smart devices, such as smartphones and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. However, the leading optimization algorithm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Xin Yao , Tianchi Huang , Chenglei Wu , Rui-Xiao Zhang , Lifeng Sun

Transformer-based foundation models (FMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance in medical image segmentation. However, scaling these models is challenging due to the limited size of medical image datasets within isolated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Yumin Zhang , Yan Gao , Haoran Duan , Hanqing Guo , Tejal Shah , Rajiv Ranjan , Bo Wei
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