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Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark , William W. Cohen , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are increasingly used with pre-trained language models (PLMs) for continual learning (CL). These methods typically involve training a PEFT module for each new task and employing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Vladimir Araujo , Marie-Francine Moens , Tinne Tuytelaars

Large Language Model (LLM) serving systems must balance task performance against monetary cost. Two prominent optimization techniques have emerged independently: LLM routing, which directs each query to the most cost-effective model in a…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Haotian Xu , Kangfei Zhao , Jiadong Xie

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important for machine learning applications. However, it can be challenging to align LLMs with our intent, particularly when we want to generate content that is preferable over others…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xiang Gao , Kamalika Das

Conversational search requires accurate interpretation of user intent from complex multi-turn contexts. This paper presents ChatRetriever, which inherits the strong generalization capability of large language models to robustly represent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kelong Mao , Chenlong Deng , Haonan Chen , Fengran Mo , Zheng Liu , Tetsuya Sakai , Zhicheng Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their varying capabilities and costs pose challenges in practical applications. LLM routing addresses this by dynamically selecting the most suitable LLM for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pranoy Panda , Raghav Magazine , Chaitanya Devaguptapu , Sho Takemori , Vishal Sharma

While large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with lightweight adapters achieve strong performance across diverse tasks, their performance on individual tasks depends on the fine-tuning strategy. Fusing independently trained models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Sanae Lotfi , Lucas Caccia , Alessandro Sordoni , Jordan T. Ash , Miroslav Dudik

Large language model (LLM) routing assigns each query to the most suitable model from an ensemble. We introduce LLMRouterBench, a large-scale benchmark and unified framework for LLM routing. It comprises over 400K instances from 21 datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hao Li , Yiqun Zhang , Zhaoyan Guo , Chenxu Wang , Shengji Tang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Biqing Qi , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) shows promising potential for autonomous driving decision-making. However, DRL demands extensive computational resources to achieve a qualified policy in complex driving scenarios due to its low learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hao Pang , Zhenpo Wang , Guoqiang Li

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems, i.e. interconnected elements that include an LLM as a central component, such as conversational agents, are usually designed with monolithic, static architectures that rely on a single,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Clovis Varangot-Reille , Christophe Bouvard , Antoine Gourru , Mathieu Ciancone , Marion Schaeffer , François Jacquenet

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential for many mathematical problems. However, their performance on graph algorithmic tasks is still unsatisfying, since graphs are naturally more complex in topology and often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Wenjin Li , Jiaming Cui

Test-Time Compute (TTC) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) at inference, leveraging strategies such as Test-Time Training (TTT) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 J. Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data is a potent tool for comprehending the "language of life" and can provide insights into various downstream biomedical tasks. Large-scale language models (LLMs) are starting to be used for cell…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Suyuan Zhao , Jiahuan Zhang , Zaiqing Nie

Traditional recommender systems such as matrix factorization methods have primarily focused on learning a shared dense embedding space to represent both items and user preferences. Subsequently, sequence models such as RNN, GRUs, and,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Yaoyiran Li , Xiang Zhai , Moustafa Alzantot , Keyi Yu , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Mohamed Hammad

As LLMs evolve, significant effort is spent on manually crafting prompts. While existing prompt optimization methods automate this process, they rely solely on learning from incorrect samples, leading to a sub-optimal performance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Mingqi Li , Karan Aggarwal , Yong Xie , Aitzaz Ahmad , Stephen Lau

Trajectory similarity measures act as query predicates in trajectory databases, making them the key player in determining the query results. They also have a heavy impact on the query efficiency. An ideal measure should have the capability…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yanchuan Chang , Jianzhong Qi , Yuxuan Liang , Egemen Tanin

Large-language models (LLMs) can support a wide range of applications like conversational agents, creative writing or general query answering. However, they are ill-suited for query answering in high-stake domains like medicine because they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Nico Potyka , Yuqicheng Zhu , Yunjie He , Evgeny Kharlamov , Steffen Staab

Most of the existing works for dialogue generation are data-driven models trained directly on corpora crawled from websites. They mainly focus on improving the model architecture to produce better responses but pay little attention to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xin Li , Piji Li , Yan Wang , Xiaojiang Liu , Wai Lam

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) with varying computational costs and performance profiles presents a critical challenge for scalable, cost-effective deployment in real-world applications. We introduce a unified routing…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted considerable interest among researchers to leverage these models to enhance Recommender Systems (RSs). Existing work predominantly utilizes LLMs to generate knowledge-rich…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Zhongxiang Sun , Zihua Si , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu