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Vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have shown strong generalization under zero-shot settings, yet adapting them to downstream tasks with limited supervision remains a significant challenge. Existing multi-modal prompt learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Silin Cheng , Kai Han

In traditional audio captioning methods, a model is usually trained in a fully supervised manner using a human-annotated dataset containing audio-text pairs and then evaluated on the test sets from the same dataset. Such methods have two…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yiming Zhang , Xuenan Xu , Ruoyi Du , Haohe Liu , Yuan Dong , Zheng-Hua Tan , Wenwu Wang , Zhanyu Ma

Audio-Language Models (ALMs) are making strides in understanding speech and non-speech audio. However, domain-specialist Foundation Models (FMs) remain the best for closed-ended speech processing tasks such as Speech Emotion Recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Saurabh Kataria , Xiao Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides at code generation through improved model design, training, and chain-of-thought. However, prompt-level optimizations remain an important yet under-explored aspect of LLMs for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Derek Xu , Tong Xie , Botao Xia , Haoyu Li , Yunsheng Bai , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Deep learning algorithms are dependent on the availability of large-scale annotated clinical text datasets. The lack of such publicly available datasets is the biggest bottleneck for the development of clinical Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Yanshan Wang

Existing auto-regressive language models have demonstrated a remarkable capability to perform a new task with just a few examples in prompt, without requiring any additional training. In order to extend this capability to a multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shuyu Lei , Lingen Liu , Jiaolong Yang , Yasen Jiao , Yuxiang Yang , Yushu Yang , Xiang Guo

Prompt-based learning (i.e., prompting) is an emerging paradigm for exploiting knowledge learned by a pretrained language model. In this paper, we propose Automatic Multi-Label Prompting (AMuLaP), a simple yet effective method to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Han Wang , Canwen Xu , Julian McAuley

Prompt-based tuning for pre-trained language models (PLMs) has shown its effectiveness in few-shot learning. Typically, prompt-based tuning wraps the input text into a cloze question. To make predictions, the model maps the output words to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Ning Ding , Longtao Huang , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in various downstream tasks, inspiring the development of Speech Understanding Language Models (SULMs) to enable comprehensive speech-based interactions. However, most advanced…

Recent work explored the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) through few-shot prompting, requiring substantially fewer annotated examples while achieving notable improvements over zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Nils Constantin Hellwig , Niklas Donhauser , Jakob Fehle , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

Large language models (LLM) trained using the next-token-prediction objective, such as GPT3 and PaLM, have revolutionized natural language processing in recent years by showing impressive zero-shot and few-shot capabilities across a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Hao Liu , Xinyang Geng , Lisa Lee , Igor Mordatch , Sergey Levine , Sharan Narang , Pieter Abbeel

The pre-trained foundation models (PFMs) have become essential for facilitating large-scale multimodal learning. Researchers have effectively employed the ``pre-train, prompt, and predict'' paradigm through prompt learning to induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiang Chen , Yixin Ou , Quan Feng , Lei Li , Piji Li , Haibo Ye , Sheng-Jun Huang , Shuofei Qiao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in educational technologies for a variety of tasks, from generating instructional materials and assisting with assessment design to tutoring. While prior work has investigated how models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kirk Vanacore , Rene F. Kizilcec

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance K-12 STEM education by improving both teaching and learning processes. While previous studies have shown promising results, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Eason Chen , Danyang Wang , Luyi Xu , Chen Cao , Xiao Fang , Jionghao Lin

Prevailing methods for mapping large generative language models to supervised tasks may fail to sufficiently probe models' novel capabilities. Using GPT-3 as a case study, we show that 0-shot prompts can significantly outperform few-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Laria Reynolds , Kyle McDonell

Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

This paper presents Audio-Visual LLM, a Multimodal Large Language Model that takes both visual and auditory inputs for holistic video understanding. A key design is the modality-augmented training, which involves the integration of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Fangxun Shu , Lei Zhang , Hao Jiang , Cihang Xie

Audio-text models trained via contrastive learning offer a practical approach to perform audio classification through natural language prompts, such as "this is a sound of" followed by category names. In this work, we explore alternative…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Michel Olvera , Paraskevas Stamatiadis , Slim Essid

Classifying scanned documents is a challenging problem that involves image, layout, and text analysis for document understanding. Nevertheless, for certain benchmark datasets, notably RVL-CDIP, the state of the art is closing in to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Anna Scius-Bertrand , Michael Jungo , Lars Vögtlin , Jean-Marc Spat , Andreas Fischer

We introduce LAMPO, a novel paradigm that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving few-shot multi-class ordinal classification tasks. Unlike conventional methods, which concatenate all demonstration examples with the test instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhen Qin , Junru Wu , Jiaming Shen , Tianqi Liu , Xuanhui Wang
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