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It is challenging to precisely configure the phase shifts of the reflecting elements at the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) due to inherent hardware impairments (HIs). In this paper, the mean square error (MSE) performance is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Jingwen Zhao , Ming Chen , Cunhua Pan , Zhiyang Li , Gui Zhou , Xiao Chen

In this paper, a new reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) hardware architecture, called self-organized RIS (SORIS), is proposed. The architecture incorporates a microcontroller connected to a single-antenna receiver operating at the…

Aiming at providing wireless communication systems with environment-perceptive capacity, emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technologies face multiple difficulties, especially in balancing the performance trade-off between…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Xin Zhao , Heng Liu , Shiqi Gong , Xin Ju , Chengwen Xing , Nan Zhao

Hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (HRISs) constitute a new paradigm that redefines smart metasurfaces, not only offering tunable reflections of incoming signals, but also incorporating signal reception and processing capabilities.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-29 Ioannis Gavras , George C. Alexandropoulos

Active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) emerges as an effective technique to resist the double-fading attenuation of passive RIS. By embedding with power harvesting function, it further evolves to zero-power active RIS, which can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiao Zheng , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Zhuohui Yao , Jiangzhou Wang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) or intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently been envisioned as one of the most promising technologies in the future sixth-generation (6G) communications. In this paper, we consider the joint…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Zhangjie Peng , Zhiwei Chen , Cunhua Pan , Gui Zhou , Hong Ren

As a critical technology for next-generation communication networks, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) aims to achieve the harmonious coexistence of communication and sensing. The degrees-of-freedom (DoF) of ISAC is limited due to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yongqing Xu , Yong Li , Tony Q. S. Quek

In this letter, we introduce two hybrid transmission schemes combining a passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with decode-and-forward relaying in a synergistic manner. The proposed schemes offer a flexible as well as cost- and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Ibrahim Yildirim , Fatih Kilinc , Ertugrul Basar , George C. Alexandropoulos

A novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided hybrid reflection/transmitter design is proposed for achieving information exchange in cross-media communications. In pursuit of the balance between energy efficiency and low-cost…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Mingming Wu , Yue Xiao , Yulan Gao , Ming Xiao

Sensing-assisted communication schemes have recently garnered significant research attention. In this work, we design a dual-function reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), integrating both active and passive elements, referred to as the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-14 Cheng Luo , Luping Xiang , Jie Hu , Kun Yang

Beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs), originally in the passive form, have attracted attention due to their benefits in enhanced wave manipulating through flexible inter-element connections and element arrangements.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Fu Liu , Hongyu Li , Shanpu Shen

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are conventionally implemented as two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic (EM) structures to steer incident waves toward desired reflection angles. This approach limits the reflection to a single…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Ruiqi Wang , Yiming Yang , Atif Shamim

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been deemed as one of potential components of future wireless communication systems because it can adaptively manipulate the wireless propagation environment with low-cost passive devices.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Yanan Ma , Ming Li , Yang Liu , Qingqing Wu , Qian Liu

Active reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently been proposed to compensate for the severe multiplicative fading effect of conventional passive RIS-aided systems. Each reflecting element of active RISs is assisted by an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Dongfang Xu , Zaichen Zhang , Jiangzhou Wang , Robert Schober

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) plays an important role in maintaining the connectivity in millimeter wave (mmWave) MIMO systems when the direct channel between the transceivers is blocked. However, it is difficult to acquire…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-04 Rafaela Schroeder , Jiguang He , Markku Juntti

This paper presents a novel dual-functional hybrid Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) for simultaneous sensing and reconfigurable reflections. We design a novel hybrid unit cell featuring dual elements, which share the same phase…

In a typical communication system, in order to maintain a desired SNR level, initial beam alignment (BA) must be established prior to data transmission. In a setup where a Base Station (BS) Tx sends data via a digitally modulated waveform,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Florian Muhr , Lorenzo Zaniboni , Saeid K. Dehkordi , Fernando Pedraza Nieto , Giuseppe Caire

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has drawn considerable attention from the research society recently, which creates favorable propagation conditions by controlling the phase shifts of the reflected waves at the surface, thereby…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Zhu Han , H. Vincent Poor

In this paper, we consider a hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) comprising of active and passive elements to aid an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system serving multiple users and targets. Active elements in a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-14 R. S. Prasobh Sankar , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

To reap the promised gain achieved by distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-enhanced communications in a wireless network, timing synchronization among these metasurfaces is an essential prerequisite in practice. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Yaqiong Zhao , Wei Xu , Xiaohu You , Ning Wang , Huan Sun