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Class imbalance is a substantial challenge in classifying many real-world cases. Synthetic over-sampling methods have been effective to improve the performance of classifiers for imbalance problems. However, most synthetic over-sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Hadi A. Khorshidi , Uwe Aickelin

The Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) is widely-used for the analysis of imbalanced datasets. It is known that SMOTE frequently over-generalizes the minority class, leading to misclassifications for the majority class, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Saptarshi Bej , Narek Davtyan , Markus Wolfien , Mariam Nassar , Olaf Wolkenhauer

Class imbalance remains a major challenge in machine learning, especially in multi-class problems with long-tailed distributions. Existing methods, such as data resampling, cost-sensitive techniques, and logistic loss modifications, though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Corinna Cortes , Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Class imbalance remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning, with traditional solutions often creating as many problems as they solve. We demonstrate that group-aware threshold calibration--setting different decision thresholds for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Hunter Gittlin

Handling imbalanced datasets is a challenging problem that if not treated correctly results in reduced classification performance. Imbalanced datasets are commonly handled using minority oversampling, whereas the SMOTE algorithm is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Xi Zhang , Di Ma , Lin Gan , Shanshan Jiang , Gady Agam

Class imbalance classification is a challenging research problem in data mining and machine learning, as most of the real-life datasets are often imbalanced in nature. Existing learning algorithms maximise the classification accuracy by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Farshid Rayhan , Sajid Ahmed , Asif Mahbub , Md. Rafsan Jani , Swakkhar Shatabda , Dewan Md. Farid

Financial distress prediction remains a significant challenge in enterprise risk analysis due to the highly imbalanced nature of real-world financial datasets, where bankrupt or distressed firms typically constitute only a small minority of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Karan Sehgal , Khawar Naveed Bhatti

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, where traditional approaches often lead to biased models and unreliable predictions. Undersampling and oversampling techniques have been commonly employed to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Matt Clifford , Jonathan Erskine , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Dario Garcia-Garcia

Ensemble technique and under-sampling technique are both effective tools used for imbalanced dataset classification problems. In this paper, a novel ensemble method combining the advantages of both ensemble learning for biasing classifiers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jinyan Li , Yaoyang Wu , Simon Fong , Antonio J. Tallón-Ballesteros , Xin-she Yang , Sabah Mohammed , Feng Wu

Class imbalance problem has been a challenging research problem in the fields of machine learning and data mining as most real life datasets are imbalanced. Several existing machine learning algorithms try to maximize the accuracy…

Data rebalancing techniques, including oversampling and undersampling, are a common approach to addressing the challenges of imbalanced data. To tackle unresolved problems related to both oversampling and undersampling, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karen Medlin , Sven Leyffer , Krishnan Raghavan

Recent studies showed that datasets used in fairness-aware machine learning for multiple protected attributes (referred to as multi-discrimination hereafter) are often imbalanced. The class-imbalance problem is more severe for the often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Arjun Roy , Vasileios Iosifidis , Eirini Ntoutsi

With the abundance of industrial datasets, imbalanced classification has become a common problem in several application domains. Oversampling is an effective method to solve imbalanced classification. One of the main challenges of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Min Qian , Yan-Fu Li

There are many real-world classification problems wherein the issue of data imbalance (the case when a data set contains substantially more samples for one/many classes than the rest) is unavoidable. While under-sampling the problematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-09 John McKay , Isaac Gerg , Vishal Monga

We aim at developing and improving the imbalanced business risk modeling via jointly using proper evaluation criteria, resampling, cross-validation, classifier regularization, and ensembling techniques. Area Under the Receiver Operating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-14 Yan Wang , Xuelei Sherry Ni

This paper presents the performance of a classifier built using the stackingC algorithm in nine different data sets. Each data set is generated using a sampling technique applied on the original imbalanced data set. Five new sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-20 Maureen Lyndel C. Lauron , Jaderick P. Pabico

In imbalanced multi-class classification problems, the misclassification rate as an error measure may not be a relevant choice. Several methods have been developed where the performance measure retained richer information than the mere…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Sokol Koço , Cécile Capponi

Class imbalance in a dataset is a major problem for classifiers that results in poor prediction with a high true positive rate (TPR) but a low true negative rate (TNR) for a majority positive training dataset. Generally, the pre-processing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Anuraganand Sharma , Prabhat Kumar Singh , Rohitash Chandra

Traditional resampling methods for handling class imbalance typically uses fixed distributions, undersampling the majority or oversampling the minority. These static strategies ignore changes in class-wise learning difficulty, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Arjun Basandrai , Shourya Jain , K. Ilanthenral

Class imbalance refers to the significant difference in the number of samples from different classes within a dataset, making it challenging to identify minority class samples correctly. This issue is prevalent in real-world classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yi-Yang Shangguan , Shi-Shun Chen , Xiao-Yang Li