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The imperative task of revising or updating the knowledge stored within large language models arises from two distinct sources: intrinsic errors inherent in the model which should be corrected and outdated knowledge due to external shifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xunjian Yin , Jin Jiang , Liming Yang , Xiaojun Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities, but their training on massive corpora poses significant risks from memorized sensitive information. To mitigate these issues and align with legal standards, unlearning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruichen Qiu , Jiajun Tan , Jiayue Pu , Honglin Wang , Xiao-Shan Gao , Fei Sun

Large language models (LLMs) can make predictions using parametric knowledge--knowledge encoded in the model weights--or contextual knowledge--knowledge presented in the context. In many scenarios, a desirable behavior is that LLMs give…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Yingfa Chen , Zhengyan Zhang , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu , Chen Chen , Kuai Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

In this paper, we explore the feasibility of leveraging large language models (LLMs) to automate or otherwise assist human raters with identifying harmful content including hate speech, harassment, violent extremism, and election…

Social media platforms utilize Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered recommendation algorithms to maximize user engagement, which can result in inadvertent exposure to harmful content. Current moderation efforts,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rajvardhan Oak , Muhammad Haroon , Claire Jo , Magdalena Wojcieszak , Anshuman Chhabra

The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has significantly enhanced performance across benchmarks. However, data contamination-unintentional memorization of benchmark data during model training-poses critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dingjie Song , Sicheng Lai , Mingxuan Wang , Shunian Chen , Lichao Sun , Benyou Wang

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

While Knowledge Editing (KE) has been widely explored in English, its behavior in morphologically rich languages like Arabic remains underexamined. In this work, we present the first study of Arabic KE. We evaluate four methods (ROME,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi

The widespread of generative artificial intelligence has heightened concerns about the potential harms posed by AI-generated texts, primarily stemming from factoid, unfair, and toxic content. Previous researchers have invested much effort…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shiyao Cui , Zhenyu Zhang , Yilong Chen , Wenyuan Zhang , Tianyun Liu , Siqi Wang , Tingwen Liu

The potential of using a large language model (LLM) as a knowledge base (KB) has sparked significant interest. To manage the knowledge acquired by LLMs, we need to ensure that the editing of learned facts respects internal logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zichao Li , Ines Arous , Siva Reddy , Jackie C. K. Cheung

As the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) evolves at an accelerated pace, the critical need to assess and monitor their performance emerges. We introduce a benchmarking framework focused on knowledge graph engineering (KGE) accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Lars-Peter Meyer , Johannes Frey , Kurt Junghanns , Felix Brei , Kirill Bulert , Sabine Gründer-Fahrer , Michael Martin

The paper introduces a framework for the evaluation of the encoding of factual scientific knowledge, designed to streamline the manual evaluation process typically conducted by domain experts. Inferring over and extracting information from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Magdalena Wysocka , Oskar Wysocki , Maxime Delmas , Vincent Mutel , Andre Freitas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised increasing concerns about their misuse in generating hate speech. Among all the efforts to address this issue, hate speech detectors play a crucial role. However, the effectiveness of different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Sensitive information detection is crucial in content moderation to maintain safe online communities. Assisting in this traditionally manual process could relieve human moderators from overwhelming and tedious tasks, allowing them to focus…

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across a wide range of tasks. However, deploying LLM-based agents in high-stakes domains comes with significant safety and ethical risks. Unethical behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Baixiang Huang , Zhen Tan , Haoran Wang , Zijie Liu , Dawei Li , Ali Payani , Huan Liu , Tianlong Chen , Kai Shu

Knowledge stored in large language models requires timely updates to reflect the dynamic nature of real-world information. To update the knowledge, most knowledge editing methods focus on the low layers, since recent probes into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Wenhang Shi , Yiren Chen , Shuqing Bian , Xinyi Zhang , Zhe Zhao , Pengfei Hu , Wei Lu , Xiaoyong Du

Social media influence campaigns pose significant challenges to public discourse and democracy. Traditional detection methods fall short due to the complexity and dynamic nature of social media. Addressing this, we propose a novel detection…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Luca Luceri , Eric Boniardi , Emilio Ferrara

Hateful memes have become a significant concern on the Internet, necessitating robust automated detection systems. While Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown promise in hateful meme detection, they face notable challenges like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Jinghong Chen , Guangyu Yang , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Data containing personal information is increasingly used to train, fine-tune, or query Large Language Models (LLMs). Text is typically scrubbed of identifying information prior to use, often with tools such as Microsoft's Presidio or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Nataša Krčo , Zexi Yao , Matthieu Meeus , Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon to evaluate text outputs of other LLMs, thereby influencing leaderboards and development decisions. However, concerns persist over the accuracy of these assessments and the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Sshubam Verma , Mitesh M. Khapra