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Quick global aggregation of effective distributed parameters is crucial to federated learning (FL), which requires adequate bandwidth for parameters communication and sufficient user data for local training. Otherwise, FL may cost excessive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Tao Guo , Song Guo , Junxiao Wang , Wenchao Xu

Recent advances in multimodal learning has resulted in powerful vision-language models, whose representations are generalizable across a variety of downstream tasks. Recently, their generalization ability has been further extended by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Koustava Goswami , Srikrishna Karanam , Prateksha Udhayanan , K J Joseph , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

CLIP has revolutionized zero-shot learning by enabling task generalization without fine-tuning. While prompting techniques like CoOp and CoCoOp enhance CLIP's adaptability, their effectiveness in Federated Learning (FL) remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Alessio Masano , Matteo Pennisi , Federica Proietto Salanitri , Concetto Spampinato , Giovanni Bellitto

Federated learning aims to tackle the ``isolated data island" problem, where it trains a collective model from physically isolated clients while safeguarding the privacy of users' data. However, supervised federated learning necessitates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Hao Yan , Yuhong Guo

Vision-Language Pre-Trained models, notably CLIP, that utilize contrastive learning have proven highly adept at extracting generalizable visual features. To inherit the well-learned knowledge of VLP models for downstream tasks, several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yi Zhang , Weicheng Lin , Liang-Jie Zhang

Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) of pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) has proven highly effective as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique for adapting large models to downstream tasks with limited data. Its parameter efficiency makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 M Yashwanth , Sharannya Ghosh , Aditay Tripathi , Anirban Chakraborty

Pretrained large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP have demonstrated excellent generalizability over a series of downstream tasks. However, they are sensitive to the variation of input text prompts and need a selection of prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Lianyu Hu , Liqing Gao , Zekang Liu , Chi-Man Pun , Wei Feng

Prompt learning is one of the most effective and trending ways to adapt powerful vision-language foundation models like CLIP to downstream datasets by tuning learnable prompt vectors with very few samples. However, although prompt learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Cairong Zhao , Yubin Wang , Xinyang Jiang , Yifei Shen , Kaitao Song , Dongsheng Li , Duoqian Miao

Prompt learning in pretrained visual-language models has shown remarkable flexibility across various downstream tasks. Leveraging its inherent lightweight nature, recent research attempted to integrate the powerful pretrained models into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Hongxia Li , Wei Huang , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Federated learning (FL) is a promising paradigm to enable collaborative model training with decentralized data. However, the training process of Large Language Models (LLMs) generally incurs the update of significant parameters, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Tianshi Che , Ji Liu , Yang Zhou , Jiaxiang Ren , Jiwen Zhou , Victor S. Sheng , Huaiyu Dai , Dejing Dou

Image-language learning has made unprecedented progress in visual understanding. These developments have come at high costs, as contemporary vision-language models require large model scales and amounts of data. We here propose a much…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 AJ Piergiovanni , Anelia Angelova

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot performance across various classification tasks. Nonetheless, their reliance on hand-crafted text prompts for each task hinders efficient adaptation to new tasks. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hoyoung Kim , Seokhee Jin , Changhwan Sung , Jaechang Kim , Jungseul Ok

Large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-training has shown significant progress in visual representation learning. Unlike traditional visual systems trained by a fixed set of discrete labels, a new paradigm was introduced in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Peng Gao , Shijie Geng , Renrui Zhang , Teli Ma , Rongyao Fang , Yongfeng Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Qiao

In many applications of federated learning (FL), clients desire models that are personalized using their local data, yet are also robust in the sense that they retain general global knowledge. However, the presence of data heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Liam Collins , Shanshan Wu , Sewoong Oh , Khe Chai Sim

Prompt tuning, a parameter- and data-efficient transfer learning paradigm that tunes only a small number of parameters in a model's input space, has become a trend in the vision community since the emergence of large vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yuhang Zang , Wei Li , Kaiyang Zhou , Chen Huang , Chen Change Loy

Prompt learning has been designed as an alternative to fine-tuning for adapting Vision-language (V-L) models to the downstream tasks. Previous works mainly focus on text prompt while visual prompt works are limited for V-L models. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Chen Xu , Yuhan Zhu , Haocheng Shen , Boheng Chen , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Limin Wang

Prompt learning is an effective method to customize Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for various downstream tasks, involving tuning very few parameters of input prompt tokens. Recently, prompt pretraining in large-scale dataset (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Zhenyuan Chen , Lingfeng Yang , Shuo Chen , Zhaowei Chen , Jiajun Liang , Xiang Li

We propose algorithms to train production-quality n-gram language models using federated learning. Federated learning is a distributed computation platform that can be used to train global models for portable devices such as smart phones.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Mingqing Chen , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Rajiv Mathews , Adeline Wong , Cyril Allauzen , Françoise Beaufays , Michael Riley

Prompt learning has emerged as an efficient and effective approach for transferring foundational Vision-Language Models (e.g., CLIP) to downstream tasks. However, current methods tend to overfit to seen categories, thereby limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chen Xu , Yuhan Zhu , Guozhen Zhang , Haocheng Shen , Yixuan Liao , Xiaoxin Chen , Gangshan Wu , Limin Wang

Personalized federated learning (PFL) has garnered significant attention for its ability to address heterogeneous client data distributions while preserving data privacy. However, when local client data is limited, deep learning models…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ying Chang , Xiaohu Shi , Xiaohui Zhao , Zhaohuang Chen , Deyin Ma