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Partial label learning (PLL) is a typical weakly supervised learning problem, where each training example is associated with a set of candidate labels among which only one is true. Most existing PLL approaches assume that the incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Congyu Qiao , Ning Xu , Xin Geng

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised paradigm where instances are labeled with classes they do not belong to. Despite a decade of research, CLL methods remain competitive mainly on 10-class classification, with scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tan-Ha Mai , Chao-Kai Chiang , Han-Hwa Shih , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Hsuan-Tien Lin

We study the effect of imperfect training data labels on the performance of classification methods. In a general setting, where the probability that an observation in the training dataset is mislabelled may depend on both the feature vector…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-05-07 Timothy I. Cannings , Yingying Fan , Richard J. Samworth

The recent research in semi-supervised learning (SSL) is mostly dominated by consistency regularization based methods which achieve strong performance. However, they heavily rely on domain-specific data augmentations, which are not easy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Mamshad Nayeem Rizve , Kevin Duarte , Yogesh S Rawat , Mubarak Shah

Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many computer vision tasks. However, in real-world scenarios, novel classes that were unseen during training often emerge, requiring models to acquire new knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Lucas Rakotoarivony

Semi-supervised learning methods are motivated by the availability of large datasets with unlabeled features in addition to labeled data. Unlabeled data is, however, not guaranteed to improve classification performance and has in fact been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Xiuming Liu , Dave Zachariah , Johan Wågberg , Thomas B. Schön

Preference-based reinforcement learning (RL) has shown potential for teaching agents to perform the target tasks without a costly, pre-defined reward function by learning the reward with a supervisor's preference between the two agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Jongjin Park , Younggyo Seo , Jinwoo Shin , Honglak Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Kimin Lee

Learning from Label Proportion (LLP) is a weakly supervised learning scenario in which training data is organized into predefined bags of instances, disclosing only the class label proportions per bag. This paradigm is essential for user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jialiang Wang , Ning Zhang , Shimin Di , Ruidong Wang , Lei Chen

Semi-supervised learning is a setting in which one has labeled and unlabeled data available. In this survey we explore different types of theoretical results when one uses unlabeled data in classification and regression tasks. Most methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Alexander Mey , Marco Loog

Conversion rate prediction is critical to many online applications such as digital display advertising. To capture dynamic data distribution, industrial systems often require retraining models on recent data daily or weekly. However, the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Yifan Wang , Peijie Sun , Min Zhang , Qinglin Jia , Jingjie Li , Shaoping Ma

Objective: Using traditional approaches, a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) requires the collection of calibration data for new subjects prior to online use. Calibration time can be reduced or eliminated e.g.~by transfer of a pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-05 D Hübner , T Verhoeven , K Schmid , K-R Müller , M Tangermann , P-J Kindermans

A major challenge in Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is the limited information available about the class distribution in the unlabeled data. In many real-world applications this arises from the prevalence of long-tailed distributions, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Khiem Pham , Charles Herrmann , Ramin Zabih

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) effectively leverages unlabeled data and has been proven successful across various fields. Current safe SSL methods believe that unseen classes in unlabeled data harm the performance of SSL models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rundong He , Yicong Dong , Lanzhe Guo , Yilong Yin , Tailin Wu

In-Context Learning (ICL) is an emergent capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). Only a few demonstrations enable LLMs to be used as blackbox for new tasks. Previous studies have shown that using LLMs' outputs as labels is effective in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Kazuma Hashimoto , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

Active Learning (AL) and Semi-supervised Learning are two techniques that have been studied to reduce the high cost of deep learning by using a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data. To improve the accuracy of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Jaeseung Lim , Jongkeun Na , Nojun Kwak

As an important branch of weakly supervised learning, partial label learning deals with data where each instance is assigned with a set of candidate labels, whereas only one of them is true. Despite many methodology studies on learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Hongwei Wen , Jingyi Cui , Hanyuan Hang , Jiabin Liu , Yisen Wang , Zhouchen Lin

PU learning refers to the classification problem in which only part of positive samples are labeled. Existing PU learning methods treat unlabeled samples equally. However, in many real tasks, from common sense or domain knowledge, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Puning Zhao , Jintao Deng , Xu Cheng

In multi-label classification, each training instance is associated with multiple class labels simultaneously. Unfortunately, collecting the fully precise class labels for each training instance is time- and labor-consuming for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Peng Ying , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

Existing similarity-based weakly supervised learning approaches often rely on precise similarity annotations between data pairs, which may inadvertently expose sensitive label information and raise privacy risks. To mitigate this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Peng Ying , Xinzheng Xu

We consider a weakly supervised learning scenario where the supervision signal is generated by a transition function $\sigma$ of labels associated with multiple input instances. We formulate this problem as \emph{multi-instance Partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Kaifu Wang , Efthymia Tsamoura , Dan Roth
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