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We introduce RNA-FrameFlow, the first generative model for 3D RNA backbone design. We build upon SE(3) flow matching for protein backbone generation and establish protocols for data preparation and evaluation to address unique challenges…

Modifications to test-time sampling have emerged as an important extension to diffusion algorithms, with the goal of biasing the generative process to achieve a given objective without having to retrain the entire diffusion model. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hao Luan , Yi Xian Goh , See-Kiong Ng , Chun Kai Ling

Protein design is a fundamental challenge in biotechnology, aiming to design novel sequences with specific functions within the vast space of possible proteins. Recent advances in deep generative models have enabled function-based protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nuowei Liu , Jiahao Kuang , Yanting Liu , Tao Ji , Changzhi Sun , Man Lan , Yuanbin Wu

Can we inject the pocket-ligand interaction knowledge into the pre-trained model and jointly learn their chemical space? Pretraining molecules and proteins has attracted considerable attention in recent years, while most of these approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Lirong Wu , Stan Z. Li

Discovering mutations enhancing protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is critical for advancing biomedical research and developing improved therapeutics. While machine learning approaches have substantially advanced the field, they often…

The most important function of proteins may well be to bind to other biomolecules. It has long been felt that kinetic rates of bond formation and dissociation between soluble receptors and ligands might account for most features of the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2008-09-12 Anne Pierres , Joana Vitte , Anne-Marie Benoliel , Pierre Bongrand

Excitement at the prospect of using data-driven generative models to sample configurational ensembles of biomolecular systems stems from the extraordinary success of these models on a diverse set of high-dimensional sampling tasks. Unlike…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-02-06 Shriram Chennakesavalu , Grant M. Rotskoff

Designing protein-binding proteins with high affinity is critical in biomedical research and biotechnology. Despite recent advancements targeting specific proteins, the ability to create high-affinity binders for arbitrary protein targets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhenqiao Song , Tiaoxiao Li , Lei Li , Martin Renqiang Min

Developing accurate and efficient coarse-grained representations of proteins is crucial for understanding their folding, function, and interactions over extended timescales. Our methodology involves simulating proteins with molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-11 Carles Navarro , Maciej Majewski , Gianni de Fabritiis

Understanding how proteins structurally interact is crucial to modern biology, with applications in drug discovery and protein design. Recent machine learning methods have formulated protein-small molecule docking as a generative problem…

Antibodies are widely used as therapeutics, but their development requires costly affinity maturation, involving iterative mutations to enhance binding affinity.This paper explores a sequence-only scenario for affinity maturation, using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Can Chen , Karla-Luise Herpoldt , Chenchao Zhao , Zichen Wang , Marcus Collins , Shang Shang , Ron Benson

Proteins are complex biomolecules that perform a variety of crucial functions within living organisms. Designing and generating novel proteins can pave the way for many future synthetic biology applications, including drug discovery.…

Generative modeling provides a powerful framework for learning data distributions. These models initially relied on probabilistic methods such as Gaussian Processes (GP) for uncertainty-aware predictions and shifted towards larger trainable…

Despite Flow Matching and diffusion models having emerged as powerful generative paradigms for continuous variables such as images and videos, their application to high-dimensional discrete data, such as language, is still limited. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Itai Gat , Tal Remez , Neta Shaul , Felix Kreuk , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Gabriel Synnaeve , Yossi Adi , Yaron Lipman

Membrane bending is an extensively studied problem from both modeling and experimental perspectives because of the wide implications of curvature generation in cell biology. Many of the curvature generating aspects in membranes can be…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-07-21 Arijit Mahapatra , David Saintillan , Padmini Rangamani

Generative models for molecules based on sequential line notation (e.g. SMILES) or graph representation have attracted an increasing interest in the field of structure-based drug design, but they struggle to capture important 3D spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Wei Feng , Lvwei Wang , Zaiyun Lin , Yanhao Zhu , Han Wang , Jianqiang Dong , Rong Bai , Huting Wang , Jielong Zhou , Wei Peng , Bo Huang , Wenbiao Zhou

The recent breakthrough of AlphaFold3 in modeling complex biomolecular interactions, including those between proteins and ligands, nucleotides, or metal ions, creates new opportunities for protein design. In so-called inverse protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-22 Kai Yi , Kiarash Jamali , Sjors H. W. Scheres

The flow-based generative model is a deep learning generative model, which obtains the ability to generate data by explicitly learning the data distribution. Theoretically its ability to restore data is stronger than other generative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Gao Xu , Yuanpeng Long , Siwei Liu , Lijia Yang , Shimei Xu , Xiaoming Yao , Kunxian Shu

We introduce $\texttt{PairFlow}$, a lightweight preprocessing step for training Discrete Flow Models (DFMs) to achieve few-step sampling without requiring a pretrained teacher. DFMs have recently emerged as a new class of generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mingue Park , Jisung Hwang , Seungwoo Yoo , Kyeongmin Yeo , Minhyuk Sung

The de novo design of ligand-binding proteins with tailored functions is essential for advancing biotechnology and molecular medicine, yet existing AI approaches are limited by scarce protein-ligand complex data. To circumvent this data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhenqiao Song , Ramith Hettiarachchi , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Lei Li