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Time-varying media have recently emerged as a new paradigm for wave manipulation, thanks to thesynergy between the discovery of novel, highly nonlinear materials, such as epsilon-near-zero materials, and the questfor novel wave…

We propose and theoretically demonstrate nonreciprocal negative refraction enabled by time-varying photonic structures. By engineering temporal modulations at the interfaces of hyperbolic media, we achieve isolation between forward and…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-27 Mohammad R. Tavakol , Wenshan Cai

Over the last few decades, the predominant strategies for controlling spontaneous emission have involved tailoring the spatial surroundings of quantum emitters or atoms to create resonant or spatially periodic photonic structures. However,…

Time-varying photonic systems open new possibilities for controlling light, enabling photonic time crystals, time reflection and refraction, frequency conversion, synthetic gauge fields, optical nonreciprocity, among others. These effects…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Zeki Hayran , John B. Pendry , Prasad P. Iyer , Francesco Monticone

The objective of this article is to study the behavior of electromagnetic field under X-ray diffraction by time-dependent deformed crystals. Derived system of differential equations looks like the Takagi equations in the case of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Svetlana Sytova

Electromagnetic temporal boundaries, emerging when the constitutive parameters of a medium undergo abrupt temporal variations, have garnered significant interest for their role in facilitating unconventional wave phenomena and enabling…

Time-varying optical materials have attracted recent interest for their potential to enable frequency conversion, nonreciprocal physics, photonic time-crystals, and more. However, the description of time-varying materials has been primarily…

Periodic driving of particles can create crystalline structures in their dynamics. Such systems can be used to study solid-state physics phenomena in the time domain. In addition, it is possible to realize photonic time crystals and to…

Time-reflection occurs when a wave is propagating in a medium undergoing a large and abrupt change in its properties: the original wave splits into a time-refracted wave and a time-reflected wave, each displaying different features. The…

Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography enables sharp 3D optical imaging of tissues and other turbid media, but the light modulation signals are hard to sensitively measure. A common solution, involving photorefractive crystals, enables the…

Optics · Physics 2018-04-19 Steven J. Byrnes

Photonic devices play an increasingly important role in advancing physics and engineering, and while improvements in nanofabrication and computational methods have driven dramatic progress in expanding the range of achievable optical…

Time-varying media, characterized by dynamic or spacetime-modulated constitutive parameters such as permittivity and permeability, have recently emerged as a transformative paradigm for advanced wave control, transcending the constraints…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-20 Youxiu Yu , Hao Hu , Qianru Yang , Linyang Zou , Dongjue Liu , Hao Chi Zhang , Yu Luo

Electromagnetic waves in a system with a space and time dependent boundary experience both diffraction and Doppler-like frequency conversion. In order to analyse such situations, conventional methods call for either the eigenmodes or the…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-14 Daigo Oue , Kun Ding , J. B. Pendry

Light matter interactions can be substantially altered in the presence of time varying media. We study the interaction between a harmonic electric dipole and a plasmonic time crystal slab. Temporal modulation of the plasma frequency enables…

Magneto-optical response, i.e. optical response in the presence of a magnetic field, is commonly used for characterization of materials and in optical communications. However, quantum mechanical description of electric and magnetic fields…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-06-18 Irina V. Lebedeva , David A. Strubbe , Ilya V. Tokatly , Angel Rubio

Recent experiments on temporal reflection in transmission line metamaterials and theoretical treatments of dispersive time-varying media have unearthed the fundamental role of modulation mechanisms on the interface conditions, underpinning…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-27 Suat Barış İplikçioğlu

Photonic time-crystals (PTCs) are spatially-homogeneous media whose electromagnetic (EM) susceptibility varies periodically in time, causing temporal reflections and refractions for any wave propagating within the medium. The time-reflected…

Temporal modulation unlocks possibilities to dynamically control and modify the response of electromagnetic systems. Employing explicit dependencies of circuit or surface parameters on time enables the engineering of systems with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-01 Grigorii Ptitcyn , Mohammad Sajjad Mirmoosa , Silvi Hrabar , Sergey Tretyakov

Four-dimensional optics leverages the simultaneous control of materials in space and time to manipulate light. A key challenge in experimentally realizing many intriguing phenomena is the need for rapid modulation, which is hindered by the…

Optics · Physics 2025-06-26 M. H. Mostafa , M. S. Mirmoosa , E. Galiffi , S. Yin , A. Alù , S. A. Tretyakov

Photonic Time Crystals (PTCs) - dielectric media with their refractive index modulated periodically in time, offer new opportunities in photonics arising from time reflections and momentum bandgaps. Here, we study the emission of light from…