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Bilevel optimization has been widely applied in many important machine learning applications such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Recently, several momentum-based algorithms have been proposed to solve bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Junjie Yang , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

Existing decentralized stochastic optimization methods assume the lower-level loss function is strongly convex and the stochastic gradient noise has finite variance. These strong assumptions typically are not satisfied in real-world machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xinwen Zhang , Yihan Zhang , Heng Liang , Hongchang Gao

Bilevel optimization has arisen as a powerful tool for many machine learning problems such as meta-learning, hyperparameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. In this paper, we investigate the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Kaiyi Ji , Junjie Yang , Yingbin Liang

In this work, we consider bilevel optimization when the lower-level problem is strongly convex. Recent works show that with a Hessian-vector product (HVP) oracle, one can provably find an $\epsilon$-stationary point within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Lesi Chen , Yaohua Ma , Jingzhao Zhang

Hierarchical optimization refers to problems with interdependent decision variables and objectives, such as minimax and bilevel formulations. While various algorithms have been proposed, existing methods and analyses lack adaptivity in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xiaochuan Gong , Jie Hao , Mingrui Liu

Stochastic bilevel optimization generalizes the classic stochastic optimization from the minimization of a single objective to the minimization of an objective function that depends the solution of another optimization problem. Recently,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Tianyi Chen , Yuejiao Sun , Quan Xiao , Wotao Yin

While many distributed optimization algorithms have been proposed for solving smooth or convex problems over the networks, few of them can handle non-convex and non-smooth problems. Based on a proximal primal-dual approach, this paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Zhiguo Wang , Jiawei Zhang , Tsung-Hui Chang , Jian Li , Zhi-Quan Luo

Bilevel optimization is a popular hierarchical model in machine learning, and has been widely applied to many machine learning tasks such as meta learning, hyperparameter learning and policy optimization. Although many bilevel optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Feihu Huang

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) has been integrated into many machine learning paradigms recently, including hyperparameter optimization, meta learning, and reinforcement learning. Along with the wide range of applications, there have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xuelin Zhang , Hong Chen , Bin Gu , Tieliang Gong , Feng Zheng

We study the problem of minimizing a strongly convex, smooth function when we have noisy estimates of its gradient. We propose a novel multistage accelerated algorithm that is universally optimal in the sense that it achieves the optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Necdet Serhat Aybat , Alireza Fallah , Mert Gurbuzbalaban , Asuman Ozdaglar

Bilevel optimization has been applied to a wide variety of machine learning models, and numerous stochastic bilevel optimization algorithms have been developed in recent years. However, most existing algorithms restrict their focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongchang Gao , Bin Gu , My T. Thai

Bilevel learning has gained prominence in machine learning, inverse problems, and imaging applications, including hyperparameter optimization, learning data-adaptive regularizers, and optimizing forward operators. The large-scale nature of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt

Stochastic Bilevel optimization usually involves minimizing an upper-level (UL) function that is dependent on the arg-min of a strongly-convex lower-level (LL) function. Several algorithms utilize Neumann series to approximate certain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Xuxing Chen , Tesi Xiao , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

In this paper, we revisit the bilevel optimization problem, in which the upper-level objective function is generally nonconvex and the lower-level objective function is strongly convex. Although this type of problem has been studied…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Yifan Yang , Peiyao Xiao , Kaiyi Ji

In this paper, we focus on the nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel optimization problem (BLO). In this BLO, the objective function of the upper-level problem is nonconvex and possibly nonsmooth, and the lower-level problem is smooth and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-26 Xiaoyin Hu , Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu , Kim-Chuan Toh

This paper studies the unconstrained nonconvex-strongly-convex bilevel optimization problem. A common approach to solving this problem is to alternately update the upper-level and lower-level variables using (biased) stochastic gradients or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Haimei Huo , Zhixun Su

Bilevel optimization methods are increasingly relevant within machine learning, especially for tasks such as hyperparameter optimization and meta-learning. Compared to the offline setting, online bilevel optimization (OBO) offers a more…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Jason Bohne , David Rosenberg , Gary Kazantsev , Pawel Polak

(Stochastic) bilevel optimization is a frequently encountered problem in machine learning with a wide range of applications such as meta-learning, hyper-parameter optimization, and reinforcement learning. Most of the existing studies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Meng Ding , Mingxi Lei , Yunwen Lei , Di Wang , Jinhui Xu

We present a new accelerated stochastic second-order method that is robust to both gradient and Hessian inexactness, which occurs typically in machine learning. We establish theoretical lower bounds and prove that our algorithm achieves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Artem Agafonov , Dmitry Kamzolov , Alexander Gasnikov , Ali Kavis , Kimon Antonakopoulos , Volkan Cevher , Martin Takáč