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The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation have been extensively studied, particularly for implementing target functionalities from natural-language descriptions. Alternatively, input-output (I/O) examples provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yingjie Fu , Bozhou Li , Linyi Li , Wentao Zhang , Tao Xie

Using large language models (LLMs) for source code has recently gained attention. LLMs, such as Transformer-based models like Codex and ChatGPT, have been shown to be highly capable of solving a wide range of programming problems. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Atsushi Shirafuji , Yutaka Watanobe , Takumi Ito , Makoto Morishita , Yuki Nakamura , Yusuke Oda , Jun Suzuki

This survey reviews how large language models (LLMs) are transforming synthetic training data generation in both natural language and code domains. By producing artificial but task-relevant examples, these models can significantly augment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mihai Nadas , Laura Diosan , Andreea Tomescu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been subject to extensive research in the past few years. This is particularly true for the potential of LLMs to generate formative programming feedback for novice learners at university. In contrast to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Imen Azaiz , Natalie Kiesler , Sven Strickroth , Anni Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities to generate code, however their ability to develop software for embedded systems, which requires cross-domain knowledge of hardware and software has not been studied. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Zachary Englhardt , Richard Li , Dilini Nissanka , Zhihan Zhang , Girish Narayanswamy , Joseph Breda , Xin Liu , Shwetak Patel , Vikram Iyer

As AI-based code generation becomes widespread, researchers are investigating the calibration of code LLMs - ensuring their confidence scores faithfully represent the true likelihood of code correctness. To do so, we investigate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Viola Campos , Robin Kuschnereit , Adrian Ulges

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in code generation, they are still struggling to address the complicated intent provided by humans. It is widely acknowledged that humans typically employ planning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Lecheng Wang , Zheng Fang , Qiwei Shang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao

This study evaluates the efficiency of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs) and measures their performance against human-crafted solutions using a dataset from Leetcode. We compare 18 LLMs, considering factors such as model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tristan Coignion , Clément Quinton , Romain Rouvoy

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), a large number of machine learning models have been developed to assist programming tasks including the generation of program code from natural language input. However, how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

Large language models (LLMs) are a new and powerful tool for a wide span of applications involving natural language and demonstrate impressive code generation abilities. The goal of this work is to automatically generate tests and use these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Christian Munley , Aaron Jarmusch , Sunita Chandrasekaran

Security vulnerabilities present in a code that has been written in diverse programming languages are among the most critical yet complicated aspects of source code to detect. Static analysis tools based on rule-based patterns usually do…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Hael Abdulhakim Ali Humran , Ferdi Sonmez

Generative AI technology based on Large Language Models (LLM) has been developed and applied to assist or automatically generate program codes. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of existing general LLMs for Basic Linear Algebra…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Daichi Mukunoki , Shun-ichiro Hayashi , Tetsuya Hoshino , Takahiro Katagiri

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their utilization in code generation tasks have significantly reshaped the field of software development. Despite the remarkable efficacy of code completion solutions in mainstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Bohdan Petryshyn , Mantas Lukoševičius

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in software engineering to generate, complete, translate, and fix code, improving developer productivity. While most research focuses on the energy consumption and carbon emissions of model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali , Oussema Kirmani , Aroosa Hameed , Syed Muhammad Danish , Gautam Srivastava

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities in code generation. However, there remains a limited understanding of code generation errors that LLMs can produce. To bridge the gap, we conducted an in-depth…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhijie Wang , Zijie Zhou , Da Song , Yuheng Huang , Shengmai Chen , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

This study examines the performance of today's open-source, locally hosted large-language models (LLMs) in handling complex competitive programming tasks with extended problem descriptions and contexts. Building on the original Framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Kadin Matotek , Heather Cassel , Md Amiruzzaman , Linh B. Ngo

Large language models (LLMs) and transformer-based architectures are increasingly utilized for source code analysis. As software systems grow in complexity, integrating LLMs into code analysis workflows becomes essential for enhancing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Hamed Jelodar , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance in a wide range of tasks, even if they are often trained with the only objective of chatting fluently with users. Among other skills, LLMs show emergent abilities in mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Flavio Petruzzellis , Alberto Testolin , Alessandro Sperduti

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Assisting LLMs with code generation improved their performance on mathematical reasoning tasks. However, the evaluation of code-assisted LLMs is generally restricted to execution correctness, lacking a rigorous evaluation of their generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zena Al-Khalili , Nick Howell , Dietrich Klakow
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