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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained wide attention as the key component to improve generative models with external knowledge augmentation from information retrieval. It has shown great prominence in enhancing the functionality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zihan Wang , Xuri Ge , Joemon M. Jose , Haitao Yu , Weizhi Ma , Zhaochun Ren , Xin Xin

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are a widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the industry. While many tools exist empowering developers to build their own systems, measuring their performance locally, with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Rafael Teixeira de Lima , Shubham Gupta , Cesar Berrospi , Lokesh Mishra , Michele Dolfi , Peter Staar , Panagiotis Vagenas

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend critically on the quality of document preprocessing, yet no prior study has evaluated PDF processing frameworks by their impact on downstream question-answering accuracy. We address this…

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for technical documents creates challenges as embeddings do not often capture domain information. We review prior art for important factors affecting RAG and perform experiments to highlight best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sumit Soman , Sujoy Roychowdhury

We present the design and implementation of a RAG-based AI system benchmarking (RAGPerf) framework for characterizing the system behaviors of RAG pipelines. To facilitate detailed profiling and fine-grained performance analysis, RAGPerf…

Polymer literature contains a large and growing body of experimental knowledge, yet much of it is buried in unstructured text and inconsistent terminology, making systematic retrieval and reasoning difficult. Existing tools typically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Wei Xiong , Rampi Ramprasad

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have seen huge popularity in augmenting Large-Language Model (LLM) outputs with domain specific and time sensitive data. Very recently a shift is happening from simple RAG setups that query a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Tristan Kenneweg , Philip Kenneweg , Barbara Hammer

Recent literature highlights the potential of graph-based approaches within large language model (LLM) retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines for answering queries of varying complexity, particularly those that fall outside the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Isabela Iacob , Melisa Marian , Gheorghe Cosmin Silaghi

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Agentic RAG) has become a widely adopted paradigm for multi-hop question answering and complex knowledge reasoning, where retrieval and reasoning are interleaved at inference time. As reasoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shuguang Jiao , Chengkai Huang , Shuhan Qi , Xuan Wang , Yifan Li , Lina Yao

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using static multi-turn datasets fails to capture the dynamic nature of real-world dialogues. Existing evaluation methods rely on predefined datasets, which restrict them to static,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Benedikt Dornauer , Jan-Henrik Böttcher , Klaus Schmid , Mircea-Cristian Racasan , Ruth Breu

Interest in generative Electrocardiogram-Language Models (ELMs) is growing, as they can produce textual responses conditioned on ECG signals and textual queries. Unlike traditional classifiers that output label probabilities, ELMs are more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiaoyu Song , William Han , Tony Chen , Chaojing Duan , Michael A. Rosenberg , Emerson Liu , Ding Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in knowledge-intensive tasks by grounding language generation in external evidence. Despite its success, many existing RAG systems are built based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Lichang Song , Ting Long , Yi Chang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) represents a major advancement in natural language processing (NLP), combining large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to enhance factual grounding, accuracy, and contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Agada Joseph Oche , Ademola Glory Folashade , Tirthankar Ghosal , Arpan Biswas

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to ground large language models in external knowledge sources. However, when applied to heterogeneous corpora and multi-step queries, Naive RAG pipelines often degrade in quality due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Valeriy Kovalskiy , Nikita Belov , Nikita Miteyko , Igor Reshetnikov , Max Maximov

Large language models (LLMs) commonly struggle with specialized or emerging topics which are rarely seen in the training corpus. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GraphRAG) addresses this by structuring domain knowledge as a graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhefan Wang , Huanjun Kong , Jie Ying , Wanli Ouyang , Nanqing Dong

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are gaining traction in enterprise settings, yet stringent data protection regulations prevent many organizations from using cloud-based services, necessitating on-premises deployments. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Nicolas Weeger , Jakob Winkler , Annika Stiehl , Jóakim von Kistowski , Christian Uhl , Stefan Geißelsöder

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) combines the generative abilities of large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge sources to provide more accurate and up-to-date responses. Recent RAG advancements focus on improving retrieval…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Financial analysts face significant challenges extracting information from lengthy 10-K reports, which often exceed 100 pages. This paper presents a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system designed to answer questions about S&P 500…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zhiyuan Cheng , Longying Lai , Yue Liu , Kai Cheng , Xiaoxi Qi

The increasing complexity of modern software systems has made understanding their behavior increasingly challenging, driving the need for explainability to improve transparency and user trust. Traditional documentation is often outdated or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Daniel Pöttgen , Mersedeh Sadeghi , Max Unterbusch , Andreas Vogelsang