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Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely adopted to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) on Text-to-SQL tasks. However, existing methods often rely on execution-based or LLM-based Bradley-Terry reward models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Han Weng , Puzhen Wu , Longjie Cui , Yi Zhan , Boyi Liu , Yuanfeng Song , Dun Zeng , Yingxiang Yang , Qianru Zhang , Dong Huang , Xiaoming Yin , Yang Sun , Xing Chen

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has seen significant advancements with large language models (LLMs). However, these models often depend on closed-source systems and high computational resources, posing challenges in data privacy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenqi Pei , Hailing Xu , Hengyuan Zhao , Shizheng Hou , Han Chen , Zining Zhang , Pingyi Luo , Bingsheng He

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly powering Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) systems, enabling non-expert users to query industrial databases using natural language. While test-time scaling strategies have shown promise in LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiajing Guo , Kenil Patel , Jorge Piazentin Ono , Wenbin He , Liu Ren

Text-to-SQL generation enables non-experts to interact with databases via natural language. Recent advances rely on large closed-source models like GPT-4 that present challenges in accessibility, privacy, and latency. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Satya Krishna Gorti , Ilan Gofman , Zhaoyan Liu , Jiapeng Wu , Noël Vouitsis , Guangwei Yu , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rasa Hosseinzadeh

Text-to-SQL has emerged as a prominent research area, particularly with the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs). By enabling users to query databases through natural language rather than SQL, this technology significantly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yu-Jie Yang , Hung-Fu Chang , Po-An Chen

Table processing, a key task in natural language processing, has significantly benefited from recent advancements in language models (LMs). However, the capabilities of LMs in table-to-text generation, which transforms structured data into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sahar Iravani , Tim . O . F Conrad

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have achieved strong results in static, single-turn tasks, where models generate SQL queries from natural language questions. However, these systems fall short in real-world interactive scenarios, where user…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Linzhuang Sun , Tianyu Guo , Hao Liang , Yuying Li , Qifeng Cai , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on various tasks. To unleash their power on the Text-to-SQL task, we propose $R^3$ (Review-Rebuttal-Revision), a consensus-based multi-agent system for Text-to-SQL tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hanchen Xia , Feng Jiang , Naihao Deng , Cunxiang Wang , Guojiang Zhao , Rada Mihalcea , Yue Zhang

Emotional Support Conversation (ESC) is a typical dialogue that can effectively assist the user in mitigating emotional pressures. However, owing to the inherent subjectivity involved in analyzing emotions, current non-artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Huaiwen Zhang , Yu Chen , Ming Wang , Shi Feng

Recent Text-to-SQL methods leverage large language models (LLMs) by incorporating feedback from the database management system. While these methods effectively address execution errors in SQL queries, they struggle with database mismatches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Zhongyuan Wang , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie , Jaein Kim

In-context learning of large-language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable success in the field of natural language processing, while extensive case studies reveal that the single-step chain-of-thought prompting approach faces challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Yuanzhen Xie , Xinzhou Jin , Tao Xie , MingXiong Lin , Liang Chen , Chenyun Yu , Lei Cheng , ChengXiang Zhuo , Bo Hu , Zang Li

Text-to-SQL aims to map natural language questions to SQL queries. The sketch-based method combined with execution-guided (EG) decoding strategy has shown a strong performance on the WikiSQL benchmark. However, execution-guided decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Binyuan Hui , Xiang Shi , Ruiying Geng , Binhua Li , Yongbin Li , Jian Sun , Xiaodan Zhu

SQL-to-Text generation aims at translating structured SQL queries into natural language descriptions, thereby facilitating comprehension of complex database operations for non-technical users. Although large language models (LLMs) have…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sriom Chakrabarti , Chuangtao Ma , Arijit Khan , Sebastian Link

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been adopted to perform text-to-SQL tasks, utilizing their in-context learning (ICL) capability to translate natural language questions into structured query language (SQL). However, such a technique faces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jiawei Shen , Chengcheng Wan , Ruoyi Qiao , Jiazhen Zou , Hang Xu , Yuchen Shao , Yueling Zhang , Weikai Miao , Geguang Pu

Converting natural language questions into SQL queries enables non-expert users to interact with relational databases and has long been a central task for natural language interfaces to data. While the WikiSQL dataset played a key role in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Dzmitry Pihulski , Karol Charchut , Viktoria Novogrodskaia , Jan Kocoń

The current state-of-the-art (SOTA) for automated text-to-SQL still falls well short of expert human performance as measured by execution accuracy (EX) on the BIRD-SQL benchmark. The most accurate methods are also slow and expensive. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Dayton G. Thorpe , Andrew J. Duberstein , Ian A. Kinsey

Text-to-SQL, which enables natural language interaction with databases, serves as a pivotal method across diverse industries. With new, more powerful large language models (LLMs) emerging every few months, fine-tuning has become incredibly…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Boyan Li , Jiayi Zhang , Ju Fan , Yanwei Xu , Chong Chen , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Large language models have demonstrated excellent performance in many tasks, including Text-to-SQL, due to their powerful in-context learning capabilities. They are becoming the mainstream approach for Text-to-SQL. However, these methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yonghui Kong , Hongbing Hu , Dan Zhang , Siyuan Chai , Fan Zhang , Wei Wang

Text-to-SQL transforms the user queries from natural language to executable SQL programs, enabling non-experts to interact with complex databases. Existing prompt-based methods craft meticulous text guidelines and examples to facilitate SQL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongdong chi , Hanqing Wang , Zonghan Yang , Jian Yang , Xiao Yan , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen