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Model merging has recently gained attention as an economical and scalable approach to incorporate task-specific weights from various tasks into a unified multi-task model. For example, in Task Arithmetic (TA), adding the fine-tuned weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Feng Xiong , Runxi Cheng , Wang Chen , Zhanqiu Zhang , Yiwen Guo , Chun Yuan , Ruifeng Xu

Learning high-quality feature embeddings efficiently and effectively is critical for the performance of web-scale machine learning systems. A typical model ingests hundreds of features with vocabularies on the order of millions to billions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Benjamin Coleman , Wang-Cheng Kang , Matthew Fahrbach , Ruoxi Wang , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Backfilling is the process of re-extracting all gallery embeddings from upgraded models in image retrieval systems. It inevitably requires a prohibitively large amount of computational cost and even entails the downtime of the service.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Seonguk Seo , Mustafa Gokhan Uzunbas , Bohyung Han , Sara Cao , Ser-Nam Lim

Model merging, such as model souping, is the practice of combining different models with the same architecture together without further training. In this work, we present a model merging methodology that addresses the difficulty of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Lucas Bandarkar , Benjamin Muller , Pritish Yuvraj , Rui Hou , Nayan Singhal , Hongjiang Lv , Bing Liu

Typical deep visual recognition models are capable of performing the one task they were trained on. In this paper, we tackle the extremely difficult problem of combining distinct models with different initializations, each solving a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 George Stoica , Daniel Bolya , Jakob Bjorner , Pratik Ramesh , Taylor Hearn , Judy Hoffman

Model merging aims to integrate multiple task-adapted models into a unified model that preserves the knowledge of each task. In this paper, we identify that the key to this knowledge retention lies in maintaining the directional consistency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Han-Chen Zhang , Zi-Hao Zhou , Mao-Lin Luo , Shimin Di , Min-Ling Zhang , Tong Wei

Model merging enables the combination of multiple specialized expert models into a single model capable of performing multiple tasks. However, the benefits of merging an increasing amount of specialized experts generally lead to diminishing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ronald Skorobogat , Karsten Roth , Mariana-Iuliana Georgescu

Recent advances in large language models have led to numerous task-specialized fine-tuned variants, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques that preserve specialized capabilities while avoiding costly retraining. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Shuqi Liu , Han Wu , Bowei He , Xiongwei Han , Mingxuan Yuan , Linqi Song

During modeling of dynamical systems, often two or more model architectures are combined to obtain a more powerful or efficient model regarding a specific application area. This covers the combination of multiple machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Tobias Thummerer , Lars Mikelsons

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable, but their development often requires substantial computational resources. While model merging has emerged as a cost-effective promising approach for creating new models by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Takuya Akiba , Makoto Shing , Yujin Tang , Qi Sun , David Ha

Multi-task model merging offers a promising paradigm for integrating multiple expert models into a unified model without additional training. Existing state-of-the-art techniques, such as Task Arithmetic and its variants, merge models by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

Continual learning is conventionally tackled through sequential fine-tuning, a process that, while enabling adaptation, inherently favors plasticity over the stability needed to retain prior knowledge. While existing approaches attempt to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Ghada Sokar , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Anurag Arnab , Ahmet Iscen , Pablo Samuel Castro , Cordelia Schmid

Multi-task model merging aims to consolidate knowledge from multiple fine-tuned task-specific experts into a unified model while minimizing performance degradation. Existing methods primarily approach this by minimizing differences between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Wenju Sun , Qingyong Li , Wen Wang , Yang Liu , Yangli-ao Geng , Boyang Li

In this work, we explore the limitations of combining models by averaging intermediate features, referred to as model merging, and propose a new direction for achieving collective model intelligence through what we call compatible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jyothish Pari , Samy Jelassi , Pulkit Agrawal

In this study, we focus on heterogeneous knowledge transfer across entirely different model architectures, tasks, and modalities. Existing knowledge transfer methods (e.g., backbone sharing, knowledge distillation) often hinge on shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Kunxi Li , Tianyu Zhan , Kairui Fu , Shengyu Zhang , Kun Kuang , Jiwei Li , Zhou Zhao , Fan Wu , Fei Wu

Today's generative models are capable of synthesizing high-fidelity images, but each model specializes on a specific target domain. This raises the need for model merging: combining two or more pretrained generative models into a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Omri Avrahami , Dani Lischinski , Ohad Fried

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain heavily centered on English, with limited performance in low-resource languages. Existing adaptation approaches, such as continual pre-training, demand significant computational resources. In the case of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Eneko Valero , Maria Ribalta i Albado , Oscar Sainz , Naiara Perez , German Rigau

Reasoning capabilities represent a critical frontier for large language models (LLMs), but developing them requires extensive proprietary datasets and computational resources. One way to efficiently supplement capabilities with is by model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Guinan Su , Jonas Geiping

In this study, we evaluate the effect of model merging in ad-hoc retrieval tasks. Model merging is a technique that combines the diverse characteristics of multiple models. We hypothesized that applying model merging to domain-specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Taiga Sasaki , Takehiro Yamamoto , Hiroaki Ohshima , Sumio Fujita

Learning across domains is challenging when data cannot be centralized due to privacy or heterogeneity, which limits the ability to train a single comprehensive model. Model merging provides an appealing alternative by consolidating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Junming Liu , Yusen Zhang , Rongchao Zhang , Wenkai Zhu , Tian Wu
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