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Large language models (LLMs) have been widely employed across various application domains, yet their black-box nature poses significant challenges to understanding how these models process input data internally to make predictions. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hangfeng He , Weijie J. Su

We present LTM3D, a Latent Token space Modeling framework for conditional 3D shape generation that integrates the strengths of diffusion and auto-regressive (AR) models. While diffusion-based methods effectively model continuous latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xin Kang , Zihan Zheng , Lei Chu , Yue Gao , Jiahao Li , Hao Pan , Xuejin Chen , Yan Lu

In recent years, multimodal learning has become essential in robotic vision and information fusion, especially for understanding human behavior in complex environments. However, current methods struggle to fully leverage the textual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanxin Zhang , Liang He , Zeyi Kang , Zuheng Ming , Kaixing Zhao

As generative AI progresses rapidly, new synthetic image generators continue to emerge at a swift pace. Traditional detection methods face two main challenges in adapting to these generators: the forensic traces of synthetic images from new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Aref Azizpour , Tai D. Nguyen , Manil Shrestha , Kaidi Xu , Edward Kim , Matthew C. Stamm

Video captioning which automatically translates video clips into natural language sentences is a very important task in computer vision. By virtue of recent deep learning technologies, e.g., convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Junbo Wang , Wei Wang , Yan Huang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

Building on the foundations of language modeling in natural language processing, Next Token Prediction (NTP) has evolved into a versatile training objective for machine learning tasks across various modalities, achieving considerable…

Imitation learning provides an efficient way to teach robots dexterous skills; however, learning complex skills robustly and generalizablely usually consumes large amounts of human demonstrations. To tackle this challenging problem, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Yanjie Ze , Gu Zhang , Kangning Zhang , Chenyuan Hu , Muhan Wang , Huazhe Xu

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

Acting in human environments is a crucial capability for general-purpose robots, necessitating a robust understanding of natural language and its application to physical tasks. This paper seeks to harness the capabilities of diffusion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jonas Bode , Raphael Memmesheimer , Sven Behnke

This paper investigates an under-explored but important problem: given a collection of pre-trained neural networks, predicting their performance on each multi-modal task without fine-tuning them, such as image recognition, referring,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Fanqing Meng , Wenqi Shao , Zhanglin Peng , Chonghe Jiang , Kaipeng Zhang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Forecasting a typical object's future motion is a critical task for interpreting and interacting with dynamic environments in computer vision. Event-based sensors, which could capture changes in the scene with exceptional temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Song Wu , Zhiyu Zhu , Junhui Hou , Guangming Shi , Jinjian Wu

Diffusion models have made significant strides in image generation, mastering tasks such as unconditional image synthesis, text-image translation, and image-to-image conversions. However, their capability falls short in the realm of video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Gaurav Shrivastava , Abhinav Shrivastava

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (Diffusion MLLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive non-autoregressive generative capabilities across vision-and-language tasks. However, Diffusion MLLMs exhibit substantially slower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shuochen Chang , Xiaofeng Zhang , Qingyang Liu , Li Niu

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

Many adaptations of transformers have emerged to address the single-modal vision tasks, where self-attention modules are stacked to handle input sources like images. Intuitively, feeding multiple modalities of data to vision transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Yikai Wang , Xinghao Chen , Lele Cao , Wenbing Huang , Fuchun Sun , Yunhe Wang

Instruction-based image editing holds immense potential for a variety of applications, as it enables users to perform any editing operation using a natural language instruction. However, current models in this domain often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Shelly Sheynin , Adam Polyak , Uriel Singer , Yuval Kirstain , Amit Zohar , Oron Ashual , Devi Parikh , Yaniv Taigman

We present NextFlow, a unified decoder-only autoregressive transformer trained on 6 trillion interleaved text-image discrete tokens. By leveraging a unified vision representation within a unified autoregressive architecture, NextFlow…

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable success in various image generation tasks, but their performance is often limited by the uniform processing of inputs across varying conditions and noise levels. To address this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Minglei Shi , Ziyang Yuan , Haotian Yang , Xintao Wang , Mingwu Zheng , Xin Tao , Wenliang Zhao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang , Kun Gai

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are powerful tools that are capable of reasoning and understanding multimodal information beyond text and language. Despite their entrenched impact, the development of LMMs is hindered by the higher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Vittorio Pippi , Matthieu Guillaumin , Silvia Cascianelli , Rita Cucchiara , Maximilian Jaritz , Loris Bazzani

Multimodal embedding models aim to map heterogeneous inputs, such as text, images, videos, and audio, into a shared semantic space. However, existing methods and benchmarks remain largely limited to partial modality coverage, making it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haohang Huang , Xuan Lu , Mingyi Su , Xuan Zhang , Ziyan Jiang , Ping Nie , Kai Zou , Tomas Pfister , Wenhu Chen , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Rui Meng